Fundamental Movement Skills and Anatomy

A set of flashcards covering key concepts related to fundamental movement skills, body awareness, posture, and anatomical terminology.

Fundamental Movement Skills

Building blocks of physical activity that involve complex muscle actions to achieve specific outcomes.

Body Awareness

The sense and understanding of one's own body parts, including their location, feelings, and capabilities.

Spatial Awareness

Understanding of personal and general space, including directions, levels, pathways, and extensions.

Effort Awareness

Recognition of how movements vary in time, force, and flow.

Relationship awareness

The understanding of how one's body movements interact with others and the surrounding environment, including coordination and timing.

Locomotor Movements

Actions that move the body from one place to another, such as walking, running, and jumping.

Non-Locomotor Movements

Movements performed while staying in one place, such as bending, twisting, and balancing.

Manipulative Movements

Handling of objects or apparatuses to achieve specific tasks.

Ideal Posture

An alignment of the body where a line of gravity passes through specific body landmarks.

Cross Syndrome

A condition characterized by tightness and weakness of muscles in opposing diagonal patterns.

Anatomical Position

A standard body position where the body faces forward with arms at the sides and palms facing forward.

Directional Terms

Terms used to describe locations of the body, such as anterior, posterior, and lateral.

Planes of Motion

Imaginary planes that divide the body into sections: sagittal, coronal, and transverse.

Axis of motion

An imaginary straight line around which an object rotates

Sagittal plane

divides the body into left and right parts

Coronal plane

divides the body into front and back parts

Transverse plane

divides the body into upper and lower parts

Sagittal axis

runs from front to back

Sagittal axis

movement occurs in the coronal/frontal plane

Vertical axis

runs from top to bottom

Vertical axis

movement occurs in the transverse plane

Transverse axis

runs side to side (left/right)

Transverse axis

movement occurs in the sagittal plane

Flexion

it decreases the angle between body segments

Mobility

The ability of a joint to move freely throughout its range of motion.

Stability

The ability of a joint or body structure to remain balanced and resist displacement.

Anterior

Front

Posterior

Back

Superior

Upper

Inferior

Lower

Lateral

Side

Medial

Midline

Proximal

Near from the body’s center

Distal

Far from the body’s center

Superficial

Near surface

Deep

Deeper surface

Supine

lying face up

Prone

lying face down

Extension

increasing the angle

Dorsiflexion

raising the foot upwards

Plantar flexion

movement that points the toes downward, increasing the angle between the foot and the leg at the ankle joint.

Inversion

ankle inward

Eversion

ankle outward

Abduction

movement away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

movement towards the midline of the body.

Medial rotation

rotating facing the midline

Lateral rotation

rotating facing the side

Pronation

palm down

Supination

palm up

Circumduction

A combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Circumduction

It allows one to create big circular movements of the arms.

Protraction

moving the shoulders away from each other

Retraction

Moving the shoulders closer together

Depression

downward movement of the scapula or mandible

Elevation

Upward movement of the scapula or mandible.

Opposition

movement of the thumb that allows it to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand

Reposition

returning the thumb to its anatomical position after it has been moved to touch the fingers

Range of motion

meaning of ROM

Mobility

Ankle

Stability

Knee

Mobility

Hip

stability

Lumbar spine

Mobility

Thoracic spine

stability

Scapula

mobility

Shoulder

pain in joint above or below

A problem at one point usually shows up as a

Walk

series of steps

Hop

take off 1 foot then land same foot

Jump

take off both feet and land on both feet

Leap

take off 1 foot and land on the other foot.

Gallop

feet facing forward, step close, same foot always leads

Slide

slide, close, in contact with land

Evolution

respond to the challenges in the environment

Pressure

spine + muscle and joints

Upright posture

a problem in one part affects the other parts

Hypermobile

too flexible

Hypomobile

too stiff