ECE 12.1 - Power Supplies (Voltage Regulators)

Rectification, Filtering, Regulation

The process of converting AC voltage into a steady DC voltage involves three main stages: ________, ________, and ________.

Transformer

A ________ is used to convert high AC voltage to a lower AC voltage suitable for rectification.

Half-wave

A ________ rectifier converts AC voltage to pulsating DC using only one half-cycle of the AC waveform.

Full-wave

The ________ rectifier is more efficient because it uses both halves of the AC cycle to produce a smoother DC output.

Filter

A ________ circuit is used to smooth out the rectified DC voltage and reduce ripple.

Ripple

The ________ factor measures the AC ripple present in the rectified DC output.

Constant/stable

A voltage regulator ensures that the DC output remains ________ despite variations in input voltage or load conditions.

Rectifier

A circuit that converts AC voltage into pulsating DC voltage.

Voltage Regulator

A circuit or IC that provides a stable DC voltage regardless of fluctuations in input or load.

Voltage Regulation

A measure of how much the DC output voltage changes between no-load and full-load conditions.

Nonzero

A rectifier circuit converts a signal with zero average value into one with a ________ average value.

Pulsating

The output of a rectifier is a ________ dc voltage, which is not yet suitable for replacing a battery.

Filter

For applications requiring a steady DC voltage, such as radios and computers, a ________ circuit is necessary.

Ripple

A good filter circuit reduces the AC________ component of the output voltage, making it closer to pure DC.

DC

A ________ voltmeter measures only the average DC level of a filtered output voltage.

No-load, full-load

Voltage regulation measures how much the DC output voltage changes between ________ and ________ conditions.

0%

If the full-load voltage is the same as the no-load voltage, the voltage regulation is ________, which is ideal.

0.318

For a half-wave rectified signal, the output dc voltage is ________ Vm

0.385

The rms value of the half-wave ac component of the output signal can be calculated to be ________ Vm

121

The percentage ripple of a half-wave rectified signal is ________ %

0.636

For a full-wave rectified voltage the dc value is ________ Vm

0.308

The rms value of the ac component of the full-wave output signal can be calculated to be ________ Vm

48

The percentage ripple of a full-wave rectified signal is ________ %