AP Psych 6-1 Vocab

Associative Learning

learning that certain events occur together

Classical Conditioning

a type of learning in which we link two or more stimuli

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

stimulus that evokes an automatic and unlearned response

Unconditioned Response (UR)

Unlearned (innate) reaction to an unconditioned stimulus

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A previously neutral stimulus that, due to conditioning, will now produce a response

Conditioned Response (CR)

learned reaction, a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of conditioning

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Stimulus that evokes no response or an unrelated response

Acquisition

The phase associating a NS with an US so that the NS becomes a CS

Higher Order Conditioning (2nd Level)

a conditioned stimulus (CS) is used to reinforce further learning

Extinction

The weakening & disappearance of a conditioned response by repeatedly presenting the CS without UCS

Spontaneous Recovery

The process by which the CS will again elicit the CR even after extinction occured

Generalization

An organism responds to a stimulus that is similar to the original CS

Discrimination

An organism does NOT respond to stimuli that is similar to the original CS

Learned Helplessness

a psychological condition where an individual feels powerless to change their situation due to repeated failures or negative outcomes in the past

Innate Behavior

Inborn, unlearned, naturally occurring behavior

Antecedents

Events that precede a response

Consequences

Effects that follow a response

Conditioned Emotional Response

An emotional response that has been linked to a previously nonemotional stimulus by classical conditioning.

Desensitization

Reducing fear or anxiety by repeated exposing a person to an emotional stimuli

Vicarious Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning brought about by observing another person react to a particular stimulus