APUSH: Time Period 4

Federalist Party

People who fought for a vigorous central government and favored manufacturing interests

Democratic Rebublicans

Fought for more limited central government and favored the idea of agrarianism

Agrarianism

a nation of self sustaining farmers

Revolution of 1800

time in history where power was transferred peacefully between rival parties

Louisiana Purchase

an acquisition of 828000 square miles of land from France for $15 million which fulfilled Thomas Jefferson’s goal of securing the port of New Orleans and the Mississippi River for trade

James Monroe

was offered the whole of the Louisiana Territory for fifteen million dollars and his news about doubling the size of the American territorial holdings was not good news to Jefferson’s ears

Strict Constructionism

argued that the federal government can only do what is explicitly written in the Constitution

Corps of Discovery

the official name for the United States expedition, led by Lewis and Clark, that explored the newly acquired Louisiana Purchase

Lewis and Clark

the two people tasked by President Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase territory

Zebulon Pike

an American military officer and explorer who led two expeditions into the newly acquired Louisiana Territory

John Marshall

fourth chief justice of Supreme Court and had done more to expand federal power and the power of the court than anyone else

Marbury v Madison

a landmark Supreme Court case that established the power of the federal courts to declare laws unconstitutional

Judiciary Act

created 16 new openings for federal judges

Midnight Judges

John Adams appointed them at the very last moments of his authority so that the federal courts could be dominated by Federalist judges

Judicial Review

the power of the Supreme Court to review laws and actions of the legislative and executive branches and declare them unconstitutional

Mcculloch v Maryland

argument over whether a state had the power to tax a federal bank and that national law trumps state law

Barbary States

the federal government paid tribute to these states in exchange for their protection of U.S merchant ships trading in that area

Barbary Pirates

These governments withdrew their protection because Jefferson refused to pay and these group of people had a field day attacking U.S merchant ships

War of 1812

began because of the impressment of American citizens into fighting for the British and also because Americans were wanting to move west

War Hawks

a group that were eager to war with Britain, if only to defend America’s national honor

Hartford Convetion

federalists who opposed war held a meeting which they threatened to secede from the union over this disagreement

Henry Clay

proposed the American System to remedy problems and attempt to unify the national economy

American System

policies that advocated for federally funded internal improvements and federal tariffs and second bank of the united states

Tallmadge Amendment

Missouri’s application for statehood that would effectively ban slavery in the state after 25 years

Missouri Compromise

This state would be admitted into the union as a slave state, but would also carve out a new state called Maine which then would be a free state and also provided a line that any states above were free states and any below were slave states

Treaty of Ghent

peace treaty that ended the war between united states and great britain (war of 1812)

John Quincy Adams

He negotiated a treaty which established the border between the U.S and Canada right along the 49th parallel

Oregon Treaty

the agreement between the united states and great britain that officially established the 49th parallel

Andrew Jackson

attacked two spanish forts, executed seminole chiefs and two british citizens when he was explicitly told not to engage directly with spanish forces so this enraged both britain and spain

Adam-Onis Treaty

made the sale of florida to the U.S official and formally defined the border between U.S territory and Spanish holdings in the west

Monroe Doctorine

lands and nations in the western hemisphere were the U.S business - claiming the Western Hemisphere as their own

market revolution

the linkage of northern industries with western and southern farms which was created by advances in agriculture, industry, and transportation

national road

connected maryland to illinois in the heartland, stretching for a thousand miles, all paved

erie canal

constructed in new york and was lined with western farms with eastern manufacturing and created the occasion for a flurry of canal building throughou the states

steamboat

goods could be delivered on it down stream, raw materials could then be loaded on it, and it could power its way back upstream which increased efficiency of trade immensely

factory system

could mass produce the discreet parts of any given item with precision and then workers could assemble them to be shipped to regional and more distant markets

subsistence farming

farmed in order to feed themselves and maybe have a little extra to sell locally

commercial farming

focused on growing cash crops

cash crops

grown exclusively to be traded at local and increasing distant markets

nativist

individuals or groups that advocate for the interest of native-born individuals over thise of immigrants

middle class

included folks like businessmen and shopkeepers and journalists and doctors - they developed its own kind of society with its own norms

temperance

moderation in alcohol consumption

cult of domesticity

idea presented to women through books and magazines that a women’s identity is to have babies and raise them and provide a home that was a haven of rest for her husband

lowell factory

mostly staffed by farm girls who were closely supervised by their bosses who were also effectively controlled every aspect of their lives including what they did in their leisure time