Bio 101- Genotype

Chromosomes carry genes

true

What is the name of gene variants

alleles

What do defective chromosomes cause

syndromes

Heredity

children look like parents

Selective breeding

controllling inherited genes

Traits

general features (hair color, height)

Genes

carry genetic information for traits

Genotype

genetic makeup (one for each parent ex. AA AB)

Phenotype

expression of alleles (blue eyes, brown eyes)

Allele combinations

different combinations lead to different outcomes (ex. AA=tall, Aa=short)

Gregor Mendel

“father of genetics”

used pea plants to understand hereditary

Cross breeding

breeding different species or varieties, off spring have inconsistent traits (white+purple)

True breeding

off springs consistently have the same traits as parents (purple+purple)

Off spring can have traits that parents don’t show

true

Dominant traits

overpowers recessive traits

Recessive traits

only shows if dominant aren’t present

Traits are not controlled by dominant or recessive

false

Law of Segregation

parents only give one allele to gamete (determines phenotype)

Homozygous

same two alleles present, either dominant or recessive

Heterozygous

two different alleles

Punnet squares

used to see percentage of possible outcomes

Test-crosses

using known alleles to find the unknown (mom: Mm dad: m?)

Flowers can have colorful petals: _____
The specific flower has purple petals:_____
The _____ which refers to the alleles is Pp
The _____ for flower petal color is found on a chromosome

trait, phenotype, genotype, gene

A flower population only produces yellow flowers. There is never any variation. Is this a true-breeding population?

yes