AP WRLD UNIT UNO

what was one of Emperor Song Taizu’s great achievements

expanded educational opportunities to young low class men

what were Civil Service exams based on?

confucian texts

meritocracy

officials got positions by demonstrating their merit on exams

Grand Canal china

China became most populous trading area in world

champa rice

fast ripening and drought resistant and greatly expanded agricultural production

coal and steel in china

coal let China produce greater amounts of cast iron goods and steel strengthened agricultural equipment

proto industrialization

ppl in rural areas made more goods than they could sell

how did China become the worlds most commercialized society

shifted to market production

china social structure

1) scholar gentry 2) farmers 3) artisans 4) merchants 5) peasents

theravada buddhism

focused on personal spiritual growth and strongest in Southeast Asia

Mahayana Buddhism

spirituqal growth for all beings and strongest in China and Korea

Tibetan buddhism

focused on chanting

8 fold path

right speech, right livelihood, right effort, right minfulness

Chan (Zen) Buddhism

Buddhist doctrines combined with elements of Daoist traditions to create Chan Buddhism

Neo Confucianism

blending Confucian rational thought w/ Daoism and Buddhism

Heian period

japan emulated Chinese traditions

egyptian mamluks

• purchased enslaved ppl who were ethnic Turks from central Asia to serve as soldiers

  • seized control of gov

what caused crusades

abbasids allowed christians to travel easily and seljuk Turks limited this and crusaders had to reopen access

sufis

personal connection w/ God

Delhi Sultanate

• muslim dynasties that ruled india

  • imposed jizya on non Muslim indias

caste systems in china

based on the occupation and can change

Bhakti movement

similar to Sufis and an attachment to 1 diety

Srivijaya Empire

• hindu kingdom that built up navy

  • charged fees for ships traveling b/t India and China

Majapahit Kingdom

had 98 tributaries at the time and controlled sea routes

Khmer empire

irrigation and drainage systems brought prosperity

matrilineal society

social standing determined by women’s side of family

Chaco

• built large housing using stones and clay

Mesa Verde

ppl built houses in sides of cliffs

mayan gov

city states ruled by kings

Tenochtitlan

• urban planned and huge

• intended to protect ppl from attacks

Aztec decline

low level of tech meant agriculture was inefficient

Incan empire structure

• split into 4 provinces and each w/ their own bureaucracy

mit’a system

• mandatory public service

  • men were forced to perform labor

2 important elements of Incan religion

• honoring of sun

• royal ancestor veneration

types of communities in Africa

• decentralized

• kin based

  • families governed themselves

Hausa communities

• formed 7 loosely connected states

• each city state had a specialty

• lacked central authority

Ghana and Muslim exchanges

• Ghana sold gold & ivory for salt, copper, cloth

Mali

• most powerful trading society

  • sundiata created thriving gold trade

Swahili coast is ___

TRADE

what led to prosperity in Zimbabwe

• mixture of agriculture, trade, and gold

what led to zimbabwe decline

overgrazing

ethiopia - religion

christianity was very popular but Islam also added some diversity

chattel slavery

ppl were legal property of the owner

domestic slavery

ppl served as cooks, cleaners, etc.

debt bondage

ppl became enslaved to repay debt

Zanj rebellion

arab workers revolted and won for 10 yrs but then defeated