Chordates/Fishes test

Phylum for chordates

Chordata

What are the 4 unifying characteristics of chordates

Hollow dorsal nerve chord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches, tail extends beyond anus

Hollow dorsal nerve chords are

branching nerves at regular intervals

The notochord

long supporting rod located below nerve chord

Pharyngeal pouches

paired structures in the throat region

Gills develop from what

Pharyngeal pouches

Subphylum that contains 99% of chordates

Vertebrae

Subphylum Urochordata

tunicates

Subphylum Cephalochordata

lancelets

All fish have

backbones, organ systems

Filter feeding fish obtain food with

gill rakers

Fish respire with

gills

Gills are made of

filaments

What kind of circulation do fish have?

closed

Saltwater fish ___ water via osmosis

lose

Function of the kidneys in saltwater fish

concentrate waste and return water to blood

Freshwater fish ___ water via osmosis

gain

Function of kidneys in freshwater fish

pump out dilute urine

Function of lateral line

detects currents and vibrations in water

Electroreception

detects disruptions by prey and other objects

In what motion do fish move

Muscles contract along spine in S motion

Oviparous fish

eggs hatch outside of body, embryos feed from yolk

Ovoviviparous

Eggs stay in female after fertilization, live birth

viviparous

embryos within female, live birth, feed directly from female

3 main fish groups

Jawless, Cartilaginous, Bony

examples of jawless fish

lamprey, hagfish

Examples of cartilaginous fish

sharks, skates, rays

Class Osteichthyes

bony fish

Streamlined fish (Ex. tuna)

fast swimmers

Flat fish (Ex: halibut)

mouth points down, camouflage on ocean floor

Narrow/disk fish

maneuverable to escape predators

Lamprey have this instead of jaws

sucking disk

Function of hagfish slime

clogs predator gills