Final Exam - Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies

what is the definition of infertility

inability to conceive after trying for 12 months

what % of women experience infertility

13

what are the 2 types of infertility

primary - has never been able to conceive

secondary- previously has conceived but now cant

female factors of infertility

ovulatory disorders

tubal blockage or damae

uterine or cervical issues

age-related

hormonal imbalances

male factors for infertility

sperm production issues

hormonal imbalances

testicular or ejaculatory dysfunction

environmental and lifestyle factors

female infertility evaluation consists of what

medical hx

physical exam

ovulation tracking

hormonal testing

pelvic US

laparoscopy

genetic testing

male infertility evaluation consists of what

medical hx

physical exam

semen analysis

hormonal testing

genetic testing

testicular biopsy

what does ART stand for

assisted reproductive technologies

what are different forms of ART

ovulation induction - medication

intrauterine insemination (IUI)

in vitro fertilization (IVF)

third-party reproduction

ovulation induction involves ___ that stimulates ovulation

medication

intrauterine insemination (IUI) is performed by placing __ directly into the uterus. Indications for this procedure include mild male factor infertility, unexplained infertility, and cervical issues

sperm

in vitro fertilization (IVF) indications include tubal ___ and advanced ___

blockage, age

third part reproduction includes the use of donor ___/___ or gestational ___

eggs/sperm, surrogacy

why was in vitro fertilization originally developed

severe tubal disease

in vitro fertilization has around ___% success under the age ___ and the success rate drastically drops over ___ years old

50, 35, 40

what is the cost for an average cycle of in vitro fertilization

20,000

what does the total for most people going through IVF usually end up being

50,000

what are the stages of in vitro

superovulation

oocyte retrieval

fertilization

embryo culture and transfer

luteal phase support

what occurs in the superovulation phase of IVF

fertility medications used to stimulate multiple follicle development

multiple eggs are released

the oocyte retrieval stage of IVF is typically done via ___ ____-guided aspiration and is performed under ___ sedation

transvaginal ultrasound, light

the fertilization stage of IVF can involve standard IVF or ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection). What are both of these?

standard: eggs and sperm incubated together

ICSI: single sperm injected directly into each egg

what occurs during the embryo culture and transfer stage of IVF

- embryos are cultured for 3-5 days

- 1-3 embryos transferred

- remaining embryos may be frozen

what occurs during the luteal phase support of IVF

progesterone supplementation

continued until 7-10 weeks gestation if pregnancy occurs