Computer Programming CSC-113: Pseudocode, Flowcharts, C++ Basics, and Errors

Vocabulary flashcards generated from CSC-113 Lecture 2 covering pseudocode guidelines, flowchart symbols, basic C++ syntax elements, history of bugs, and error types.

Pseudocode

Short English phrases used to outline an algorithm, structured as a list of consecutive phrases without including language-specific keywords.

Oval (Flowchart Symbol)

A flowchart symbol that represents the beginning or end of a program.

Parallelogram (Flowchart Symbol)

A flowchart symbol used to represent Input/Output operations.

Rectangle (Flowchart Symbol)

A flowchart symbol used to represent processing operations, such as addition, multiplication, or division.

Diamond (Flowchart Symbol)

A flowchart symbol that represents a decision point, such as an if-else condition.

Arrow (Flowchart Symbol)

A flowchart symbol indicating the logic flow between program steps.

Facebook Login Flowchart

A flowchart illustrating the step-by-step logic of opening www.facebook.com, loading the home page, entering email and password, verifying credentials, displaying an error on failure, or displaying the account on success.

Comments (C++)

Explanatory notes in source code designed to improve program readability for programmers; they are entirely ignored by the compiler.

Single-line Comment

A C++ comment denoted by // that applies only to the remainder of that single line.

Multi-line Comment

A C++ comment enclosed between /* and */ that can span across multiple lines.

Preprocessor Directives

Lines preceded by a hash sign (#) that instruct the preprocessor to examine and resolve dependencies before actual code compilation begins.

Namespace

A declarative region in C++ that provides a scope to identifiers (names of types, functions, variables) to group entities logically and prevent naming collisions.

Scope Resolution Operator (::)

An operator used in C++ to access variables, functions, or entities located within a specific namespace sub-scope.

Standard Output Stream Object (std::cout)

A predefined C++ stream object connected to the screen and defined in the header file, used to display output.

Stream Insertion Operator (<<)

An operator in C++ that inserts the value of its right operand into the stream operand on its left.

Return Statement (return 0;)

A statement used at the end of the main function in C++ where returning the value 0 indicates that the program terminated successfully.

First Actual Case of Bug Being Found

A historical logbook entry from September 9th 1947, where computer scientists at Harvard University taped a moth extracted from Relay #70 Panel F to record the physical cause of a computer glitch.

Software Bug

A coding error inside a computer program; finding and fixing these errors is called debugging.

Software Error

A human mistake made during the development or design of software.

Software Fault

The manifestation of a human error in software code which, if executed, can lead to a software failure.

Software Failure

The deviation of software execution from its expected delivery or service caused by a software fault.

Errors in C / C++

The structural classification of programming errors in C and C++, divided into Syntax, Run-time, Linker, Logical, and Semantic errors.

Syntax Error

A compile-time error that occurs when C++ syntax rules are broken, such as missing semicolons, missing parentheses, or using undeclared variables.

Run-time Error

An error occurring during program execution after successful compilation, such as a division by zero error.

Linker Error

An error that occurs post-compilation when linking object files together, preventing the generation of an executable file (e.g., defining Main() instead of main()).

Logical Error

An error where the program compiles and runs without crashing, but yields incorrect output because of flawed logic created by the programmer.

Semantic Error

An error occurring when program statements are syntactically written but lack meaning to the compiler, such as an equation statement like $a + b = c$.