Muscles of the Hip, Thigh, Leg, and Foot

Iliopsoas

Origin: T12, L1-5, iliac fossa

Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

Action: Flexes thigh and lumbar vertebrae

Innervation: femoral nerve, spinal nerves L1-3

Sartorius

Origin: anterior superior iliac fossa

Insertion: proximal, medial tibia

Action: flexes and laterally rotates thigh, flexes leg

Innervation: femoral nerve

Gracilis

Origin: pubis, near symphysis

Insertion: proximal, medial tibia

Action: adducts thigh, flexes leg

Innervation: obturator nerve

Pectineus

Origin: pubic crest

Insertion: pectineal line of femur

Action: adducts thigh

Innervation: femoral and obturator nerves

Adductor brevis

Origin: pubis

Insertion: linea aspera at proximal portion of femur

Action: adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates thigh

Innervation: obturator nerve

Adductor longus

Origin: pubis

Insertion: linea aspera at middle portion of femur

Action: adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates thigh

Innervation: obturator nerve

Adductor magnus

Origin: pubis, ischium

Insertion: linea aspera, adductor tubercle of distal femur

Action: adducts, extends, and laterally rotates thigh

Innervation: obturator and tibial nerves

Rectus femoris

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion: tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament

Action: flexes thigh, extends leg

Innervation: femoral nerve

Vastus lateralis

Origin: greater trochanter of femur, linea aspera of femur

Insertion: tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament

Action: extends leg

Innervation: femoral nerve

Vastus intermedius

Origin: proximal, anterior femur

Insertion: tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament

Action: extends leg

Innervation: femoral nerve

Vastus medialis

Origin: linea aspera of femur, on medial side

Insertion: tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament

Action: extends leg

Innervation: femoral nerve

Tensor fasciae latae

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: iliotibial band of fasciae latae to lateral condyle of tibia

Action: flexes, abducts, and medially rotates thigh

Innervation: femoral nerve

Gluteus maximus

Origin: outer iliac blade, iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx

Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial band of fasciae latae

Action: extends, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh; braces knee

Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve

Gluteus medius

Origin: outer iliac blade

Insertion: greater trochanter of the femur

Action: abducts and medially rotates thigh

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

Gluteus minimus

Origin: outer iliac blade

Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

Action: abducts and medially rotates thigh

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

Biceps femoris

Origin: ischial tuberosity, linea aspera of femur

Insertion: head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia

Action: extends thigh, flexes leg

Innervation: tibial and fibular nerves

Semitendinosus

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: proximal, medial tibia

Action: extends thigh, flexes leg

Innervation: tibial nerve

Semimembranosus

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: medial condyle of tibia, collateral ligament

Action: extends thigh, flexes leg

Innervation: tibial nerve

Tibialis anterior

Origin: tibia, interosseous membrane

Insertion: Metatarsal 1 and cuneiform 1

Action: dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Innervation: deep fibular nerve

Extensor digitorium longus

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia, shaft of fibula

Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Action: Extends toes 2-5, dorsiflexes and everts foot

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Extensor hallucis longus

Origin: anterior shaft of fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)

Action: extends hallux, dorsiflexes foot, inverts foot

Innervation: deep fibular nerve

Fibularis longus

Origin: head and shaft of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia

Insertion: metatarsal 1, cuneiform 1

Action: plantar flexes and everts foot

Innervation: superficial fibular nerve

Fibularis brevis

Origin: shaft of fibula

Insertion: metatarsal 5

Action: plantar flexes and everts foot

Innervation: superficial fibular nerve

Fibularis tertius

Origin: fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion: dorsum of metatarsal 5

Action: dorsiflexes and everts foot

Innervation: deep fibular nerve

Gastrocnemius

Origin: condyles of femur

Insertion: calcaneus by the calcaneal tendon

Action: flexes leg, plantar flexes foot

Innervation: tibial nerve

Soleus

Origin: posterior, proximal tibia; fibula

Insertion: calcaneus by the calcaneal tendon

Action: plantar flexes foot

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Popliteus

Origin: lateral condyle of femur

Insertion: proximal tibia

Action: flexes leg

Innervation: tibial nerve

Tibialis posterior

Origin: interosseous membrane, tibia, fibula

Insertion: metatarsals 2-5, navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid

Action: plantar flexes and inverts foot

Innervation: tibial nerve

Flexor digitorum longus

Origin: posterior tibia

Insertion: distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Action: flexes toes 2-5, plantar flexes and inverts foot

Innervation: tibial nerve

Flexor hallucis longus

Origin: midshaft of fibula

Insertion: distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)

Action: flexes hallux, plantar flexes and inverts foot

Innervation: tibial nerve