immunnology

What are B cells ?

white blood cells that produce anitbodies

Autoanitobodies

attack body

Whats lupus?

immune system produces antibodies against parts of own cell - like nucleus

• fatigue

• joint pain

• butterlfy rash

• kidney diseasse

• fever

Whats an ANA test?

Anti-Nuclear antibody test

they attack nucleus

can be other stuff

Common AntiNuclear antibody test?

HEP2 test

• Put patient serum onto the slide.

• If ANA antibodies are present, they bind to the HEp-2 cells.

• Add a fluorescent antibody.

• Look under a fluorescence microscope.

Lupus clues:

Homoegenous pattern after HEP2 test

Low C3 C4

Antibody	Often associated with
ANA
dsDNA
ENA panel
CCP
RF

Antibody	Often associated with
ANA	General autoimmune screen
dsDNA	Lupus
ENA panel	Connective tissue diseases
CCP	Rheumatoid arthritis
RF	Rheumatoid arthritis

What are immunoglobins (IG)

Antibodies - 5 classes.

Immunoglobin for allergies + parasites?

IGE

• Low IgG →

• High IgE →

• High IgA or IgM →

• Low IgG → immune deficiency (more infections).

• High IgE → allergies, asthma, eczema, or some parasitic infections.

• High IgA or IgM → can occur in infections or certain immune disorders, depending on the clinical context.