12.1 Humans as primates

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12 Terms

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What is a hominid

The group consisting of all modern and extinct great apes (that is modern humans, chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutan.

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Why are we called primates?

Because we are all classified together in the taxonomic order primates

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What sources of evidence are used to understand how human characteristics evolved?

  • Comparative anatomy

  • Comparative biochemistry

  • Behaviour of living primates

  • Fossils of primates

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Characteristics of primates

  • Common features result of primates evolving in a arboreal (tree-like) environment

  • Having grasping fingers and toes and overlapping vision are are distinctive to primates

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Body

Not specialised for a particular environment

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Limbs

Generally unspecialised

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Hands/feet

  • Pentadactyl - five fingers and toes

  • nails instead of claws

  • Grasping fingers and toes with friction ridges for gripping first digit opposable

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Eyes

Forward facing for three - dimensional (stereoscopic) vision

Most are able to distinguish colour

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Sense of smell

Very poor

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Teeth

Four incisors in both the upper and lower jaw

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Brain

Large and complex

Cerebrum size increases as primates become more highly evolved

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reproduction

  • Not restricted to a breeding season

  • Rhythmic sexual cycle

  • Usually only one offspring at a time

  • Long period of parental care for offspring