Colonial History and New World Societies

VOCABULARY flashcards covering the religious, social, and political development of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, and the fur trade.

John Waltham

An individual mentioned in colonial records with a large quantity of jobs; students are advised to learn his full name to distinguish him from others named John.

John Winthrop

The Reverend and governor who led the Puritans to the Massachusetts Bay Colony aboard the ship 'Arabella' during the Great Migration.

Arabella

The ship that carried John Winthrop and the Puritans to Boston, Massachusetts.

The Great Migration

The movement of over $20,000$ Puritans to the Massachusetts Bay Colony with the specific purpose of creating a perfect society to prove their religion was best.

Puritan Utopia

The attempt by John Winthrop and his followers to create a perfect society in the New World based on a perfect religion.

John Calvin

The theologian whose 'Institutes of Christian Religion' and philosophy (often acronymed as TULIP) provided the religious framework for the Puritans.

Predestination

A core Calvinist belief that a finite number of people, known as the 'Elect,' are specifically chosen for salvation while everyone else is not.

The Elect

A finite number of people whom John Calvin believed were specifically predestined for salvation.

Theocracy

A type of society, such as colonial Massachusetts, where religious dogma and civil law are the same, requiring adherence to both church catechism and state law.

Laws and Liberties of Massachusetts

The specific set of rules and legal codes created by the Massachusetts Bay colony to govern its theocratic society.

Banishment

A method of enforcing the death penalty in Massachusetts by forcing individuals out of the colony, particularly during the winter when survival was unlikely.

Zero Lot Lines

A colonial design for community housing where homes were built extremely close together to facilitate neighbors monitoring one another's behavior.

Roger Williams

A Reverend banished in 1635 who founded Providence in 1636 after purchasing land from the Narragansett people.

Separation of Church and State

A principle argued by Roger Williams, who believed that a unified theocracy harmed the religion.

Narragansett

The native population from whom Roger Williams purchased land for the establishment of the Providence settlement.

Exeter, New Hampshire

A community established in 1638 by Reverend John Wheelwright on land purchased from the Abenaki peoples.

Anne Hutchinson

A literate midwife and mother of 13 children who was banished during the Antinomian Controversy for teaching the Doctrine of Grace.

Antinomian Controversy

A religious and social conflict in Massachusetts centered on the teachings of Anne Hutchinson, which challenged the colony's strictly enforced laws.

Doctrine of Grace

A religious concept describing the 'undeserved mercy' or compassion of God that cannot be earned through human laws or actions.

Thomas Hooker

The Reverend who founded Hartford, Connecticut, after a dispute with John Winthrop regarding whether church membership should be a requirement for voting rights.

Dutch East India Company

The first international company, established in 1602 by the Dutch Republic, designed to compete with Portugal for Indian spice and West African slave trades.

Beaver Pelts

Highly sought-after furs that were warm and water-resistant, serving as the primary source of profit for the Dutch fur trade in the New World.

Henry Hudson

An English gentleman sent by the Dutch in 1609 to compete with Spain in the West, leading to the establishment of New Netherland.

Patroonship

A large land grant equivalent to a 'giant headright' of $18,sq,miles$ given to individuals who brought $50$ Dutch families to New Netherland.

Restoration of the British Monarchy

The 1660 event where Charles II restored the Stuart line to the throne; he later gave New Netherland to his brother James in 1664.

James, Duke of York

The brother of King Charles II for whom New York was named after the English took the land from the Dutch in 1664.

Society of Friends

A religious group, also known as Quakers, founded by George Fox in 1647 based on the philosophy of the equality of all believers.

William Penn

A member of the Society of Friends who established Pennsylvania in 1681 as a 'holy experiment' in equality.

Lenape

The native population from whom William Penn purchased land to help found the city of Philadelphia.

Walking Purchase

A 1737 land expansion where John and Thomas Penn claimed land based on a 1686 contract specifying however far a man could walk in $36,hours$.

Edward Marshall

The individual hired to conduct the 'Walking Purchase,' who covered $65,miles$ in a day and a half to claim $1,200,000,acres$ of land.