Cardiovascular

Arteriosclerosis

hardening of the arteries

Atherosclerosis

condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries

How does exercise relate to heart health

reduces blood pressure, anxiety, depression, weight, increase ability to dissolve blood clots

Temporal

medial to ear

ascending aorta

heart

external carotid

all head strucutres except brain

splenic

spleen

brachiocephalic trunk

head, neck, upper limbs

facial

mandible on line with corners of mouth

internal cortid

head and neck

common carotid

lateral to larynx, head and neck

subclavian

left/right upper limb

brachial

muscles of arm, humorous, elbow joint

intercostals

between ribs

subcostals

skin/muscles in ribs

hepatic

liver

renal

kidneys

ulnar

ulna

femoral

femur

popliteal

knee

arch of airta

head and upper extremities

axillary

thoracic, shouler, scapular muscles, humerus

descending aorta

chest and abdomen

suprarenal

suprarenal glands

dorsal aorta

stomach and intestines

cerebral

forbrain

celiac trunk

foregut

gastric

stomach, spleen, pancrease

inferior mesenteric

transverse,dscending,sigmoid colon

superior meseteric

small intestine, cecum, ascending and transverse colon, pancrease

common iliac

legs, pelvis, reporductive organs

radial

radius

internal iliac

uterus, prostate, butt muscles

circumflex branch

left attrium/ventricle

external illiac

lower limbs

tibial

tibia

fibular

lateral lower leg

vertebral

posterior cerebrum, cerebellum, pons, inner ear

maxillary

deep face structures

coronary

heart muscle

testicular

testes

overian

ovaries

basilar

back of brain

phrenic

diaphragm

coronary sinus

all heart tissue

SVC

upper body

LVC

lower body

internal jugular

brain, cranium, face tissues

facial vein

face

cavernous sinus

orbits, nasal cavity, cerebrum, lower brain stem

vertebral vein

cervical spine

sigmoid sinus

lateral/posterior cerebrum and berebellum

braciocephalic

upper limbs head and neck

subclavian vein

thoracic

cephalic

upper limbs

axillary vein

skin, muslce,bones of arm and shoulde

brachial vein

muscles/elboqs

basilic/median cubital

medial upper limbs

fibular vein

fibiula

tibial vein

tibia

hepatic vein

liver

suprarenal vein

suprarenal glands

testicular vein

testes

ovarian vein

ovaries

external jugular

skin head neck muscles of face oral cavity pharynx

azygos

vein that drains the thorax, empties into the superior vena cava

transverse sinus

runs horizontally from the rear of the head toward each ear

straight sinus

inferior center of head

superior sagittal sinus

nasal cavity, cerebrum, skull bones

inferior dagittal sinus

cerebrum

common illiac

legs, pelivs, reproductive organs

internal illiac

uterus, prostate, butt muscles, bladder

femoral vein

femur

great saphenous vein

foot

small saphenous vein

lateral surface of leg

popliteal vein

knee

renal vein

kidney

accesory hemiazygos

superior left hemothroax

phrenic vein

diaphragm

What is a pulse

alternate expansion and recoil of elastic arteries after each systole of the left ventricle creates travelling pressure wave

What modifications help blood go through veins

contraction of skeletal muscle(skeletal pump)

valves

Pressure difference in thoracic cavity(respiratory pump)

aging and cardiovascular system

decreased aorta compliance

reduced cardiac strength, output and heart rate

heightened cholesterol

cerebral blood flow decreases

3 functions of blood

transportation, regulation, protection

what components can be found in blood

plasma, formed elements(rbc,wbc,platelets)

shape of rbcs

biconcave discs

Erythropoiesis

production of red blood cells

Reticulocyte count

rate at which new rbcs are produced

hematocrit

percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells

five types of wbcs

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes

Neutrophils

A type of white blood cell that engulfs microbes by phagocytosis

Eosinophils

release enzymes to combat allergic reaction

basophils

A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine.

lymphocyte

A type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections

monocytes

An agranular leukocyte that is able to migrate into tissues and transform into a macrophage. Can destory microbes in large amounts

What is hemostasis

blood clotting

Why is vitamin K important

synthesis of clotting steps

fat soluble

what is hemophilia

clotting deficiency

major bleeding after minor trauma

hemorrhaging spontaneously

can cause tissue damage

pericardium

Membrane surrounding the heart

fibrous pericardium

tough, white fibrous connective tissue that is the outer layer of the pericardium

serous pericardium

thinner, more delicate membrane that forms a double layer around the heart