chapter 1 environmental sci

What is environmental science?

The study of environments and how humans both depend and influence them

what is sustainable development?

How we balanced the needs of growing human population and things like biodiversity

What is climate Change?

Natural cycle of long-term shift in the earths overall weather patterns and average temperature

what are the leading contributors of climate change?

Deforestation and carbon emissions

how is human population related to Resource use?

A change in population = a change in Resource use

what is carrying capacity?

Population that can be sustained based on the existing resources

Compared to background extinction rates in the fossil record, are current extinction rates higher or lower?

extinction rate is higher than the levels and fossil record

what are the four main contributors to present day extinctions?

habitat, loss, overexploitation, invasive species, climate change

what are some examples of alternative and/or renewable energy sources?

solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, nuclear or biomass

what percent of energy in industrialized countries is derived from fossil fuels?

80% of energy is fossil fuels

are fossil fuels renewable?

Fossil fuels are not renewable at the human time scale

is air pollution, local or global issue or both?

Air pollution is both a local and global issue

what are some emerging groups of pollutants?

“Forever chemicals“ and micro plastics are emerging pollutants

why are water and sanitation important to human health?

Death is both due to lack of water and the spread of disease

has there been an increase for decrease in female and youth participation in sustainable development?

There has been an increase of female and youth participation due to education

what is the difference between preservation and conservation?

preservation is when there’s absolutely no use or effect on an environment. Conservation is just limited precautions on an environment, so it can be used in the future.

describe the four main stages of environmental activism

Pragmatic resource conservation, moral and aesthetic nature preservation, growing concern about health and ecological damage of pollution and global environmental citizenship

what Are ecological footprints?

Index Of resource consumption

what is throughput?

The amount of materials or resources that flow through system

what are ecosystem services?

services Or resources provided by environmental systems

what is the difference between management focus on tragedy of commons versus managing the commons

tragedy commons focuses on the fact that population increases and resources will be overused while managing the commons focuses on placing rules or regulations on resource use