Temple University Anatomy & Physiology Unit 1 Lab Exam

Anatomical Position

Body is upright, acing forward, arms and legs straight, palms facing forward, feet flat on the ground, eyes open

Ventral

toward the front or belly

Dorsal

toward the back

Anterior

front of the body

Posterior

back of body

Superior

above

Inferior

below

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

Distal

farther from the point of attachment

Superficial

near the surface

deep

away from the surface of the body

Frontal/Coronal Plane

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

Sagittal Plane

vertical division of the body into right and left portions

Transverse/Horizontal Plane

runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

Axial Skeleton

portion of the skeletal system system including the skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

Appendicular Skeleton

portion of the skeletal system including the pectoral girdle, upper limb, pelvis girdle, and lower limb

Condyle

Rounded process that usually articulates with another bone

Facet

smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface

Head

the prominent expanded end of a bone, sometimes rounded

Crest

a narrow ridge

epicondle

a projection superior to a condyle

Line

Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

Process

any bony prominence

Protuberance

a bony outgrowth or protruding part

Spine

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Trochanter

a massive process unique to the femur

Tubercle

a small, rounded process

Tuberosity

a rough surface

Alveolus

a pit or sockt

Fossa

a shallow, broad, or elongated basin

Fovea

a small pit

Sulcus

groove for a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel

Canal

a tubular passage or tunnel in a bone

Fissure

a slit through a bone

Foramen

a hole through a bone

Meatus

an opening into a canal

Skull

Thoracic Cage

ribs and sternum

Vertebral Column

spine

Hyoid

a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue; floating bone

Occipital Bone

back of head

Frontal Bone

bone that forms the forehead

Parietal Bones (2)

Bones that form the sides and top of the cranium.

Ethmoid Bone

forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, the orbit, and the floor of the cranium

Temporal Bones (2)

Bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region.

Sphenoid Bone

forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit

Vomer

nasal septum

Inferior Nasal Concha

located on each side of the nasal septum, attached to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity; increase epithelial surface area and create turbulence in the inspired air

Nasal Bone

forms the bridge of the nose

Maxilla

upper jaw bone

Mandible

lower jaw bone

Palatine

roof of the mouth

Zygomatic bone

cheek bone

Lacrimal Bone

small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts

Virgil Can Not Make My Pet Zebra Laugh

Vomer

Conchae

Nasal

Maxilla

Mandible

Palatine

Zygomatic

Lacrimal

Coronal Suture

the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull

Lambdoid Suture

between parietal bones and occipital bone

Squamous Suture

Between parietal and temporal bones

Sagittal Suture

between parietal bones

Zygomatic Process

a projection of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygoma

External Acoustic Meatus

Canal leading to eardrum and middle ear

Mastoid Process

round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

Styloid Process

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

Foramen Magnum

the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes.

Sella Turcica

depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

Cribiform Plate

superior surface of the ethmoid; perforated by a foramina which allows passage of the olfactory nerves, which provide sense of smell

Cervical Vertebrae

C1-C7 (neck); C1=atlas, C2=axis

Thoracic Vertebrae

T1-T12; connects to thoracic cage

Lumbar Vertebrae

L1-L5

Sacrum Vertebrae

fused S1-S5

Coccyx

four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

Vertebral Body

main portion of the vertebra, separate from the arches of the vertebra

Vertebral Foramen

canal through which spinal cord passes

Spinous Process

sharp, slender projection

Transverse process

two lateral projections from the vertebral arch

Vertebral Arch

composed of pedicles, laminae, and a spinous process, it represents the junction of all posterior extensions from the vertebral body

Superior Articular Facet

What is the highlighted structure?

Inferior Articular Facet

What is the highlighted structure?

Intervertebral Foramen

opening located between adjacent vertebrae for exit of a spinal nerve

Intervertebral Disc

mass of fibrocartilage between adjacent vertebrae

Bifid Spinous Process

cervical vertebrae

Transverse Foramen

only found in the cervical vertebrae and allow passage of the vertabral artery, vein, and nerve

Atlas

first cervical vertebrae (C1), only vertebrae without a body, articulates with the skull,facilitates 'yes' motion

Axis

second cervical vertebrae (C2), dens (odontoid process), facilitates 'no' movement

Costal Facets

gliding joints where ribs meet thoracic vertebrae

Spinous Process

Name this specific part of the thoracic vertebra; angled in an inferior direction

True Ribs

Ribs 1-7 articulate directly (via their own costal cartilage) with the sternum.

False Ribs

Ribs 8-12 do not directly attach to the sternum. Some connect to other costal cartilages while others do not connect to the sternum at all.

Floating Ribs

Ribs 11 and 12 that do not connect to the sternum at all.

Sternum

the breastbone, forms the middle of the front of the rib cage and is divided into three parts

Mandubrium

the superior portion of the sternum

Body of Sternum

the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum

Xiphoid Process of Sternum

most inferior tip of sternum

Rib Angle

where the rib curves

rib head

portion of rib that connects to the vertebrae

rib tubercle

articulates with transverse process

Pectoral Girdle

clavicle and scapula

Scapula

shoulder blade (anterior view)