History - Dual Enrollment Ch. 20

Flashcards based off of italicized powerpoint

Demographic trends in the late nineteenth century demonstrate what about the proportion of Americans living in cities?

It rose.

The chapter introduction tells the story of what to make what point?

It tells the story of the Great Chicago fire to make the point that the city would survive because of its strategic location.

The new immigrants that arrived in the 1880s were from where? Where were the immigrants from before the 1880s?

Southern and Eastern Europe; Northern and Western Europe.

What are some traits of the newcomers? (Immigrants 1880s+)

Many planned to return home, between the ages of 15-40, came from southern + eastern Europe, settled in cities, unskilled workers, and settled in ethnic communities centered on church life.

Electricity did what during this time?

They powered electric streetcars; they improved mass transit with freed the middle class and poor to live miles from work.

What was an innovation that meant to provide better light and airflow, but later turned into a bad idea?

Dumbell tenements.

Bosses supplied centralization, authority, and necessary services, but what else did they provide? (Boss Rule)

Basic goods and services, this allowed political leaders to stay in power.

The urban political machine was run like what?

Like a business corporation.

When the New “Social Gospel” spread, what did it focus on?

It focused on improving the conditions of society, in order to save individiuals.

Where did social reformers live? What was they about?

They lived and worked among the poor in the settlement house. They were a new experiment in providing social services to slum dwellers and had middle-class women provide amenities and taught American ways to immigrants.

What did Victoria Woodhull do?

She divorced her husband, ran for president in 1872 on the Equal Rights Party ticket, and pressed the case for sexual freedom.

Immigrants were generally more responsive to what?

To settlement houses than to church-run efforts to help the downtrodden of the cities.

Ethnic communities were clustered into where and preserved what?

Into ever-changing neighborhoods with a church or a synagogue at the center; they preserved Old World favor and eased the transition to an Americanized culture.

How did women describe laced coursets?

As instruments of torture.

How did Victorian crusaders against intemperance and vice see themselves?

As apostles of social control.

What were some new labor-saving technologies? How did they affect women?

Indoor plumbing, washing machines, vacuums, and stoves; in some ways they made theri lives harder and more time-consuming due to the standards of cleanliness and the expectations for better meals.

Who led the Victorian campaign against alcohol?

Frances Willard.

How did women respond to Dr. Edward Clarke’s assertion of the rigor of college education?

They implemented programs of physical activity to keep students healthy.

Retail clerks served as an example of what?

People who most likely not have been able to preserve their Sunday as a day off work.