6.1 and 6.2

New Imperialism

Period of intensified expansion through diplomacy or military force in the 19th century.

Motivating Factors of European Imperialism

Power, supplies, population growth, social status, and the evolution of stronger economies and armies.

Sphere of Influence

An area where an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges.

Protectorate

A political unit that depends on another government for its protection.

Social Darwinism

The belief that certain races are superior and societies deemed inferior.

Berlin Conference

An 1884 meeting where European powers decided how to colonize Africa without any African representation.

King Leopold II

King of Belgium who exploited the Congo for its resources and is known for his brutal rule.

Cash Crops

Crops produced for commercial value rather than for use by the grower.

Ethiopia

One of the few African nations to successfully resist colonization by modernizing its military and infrastructure.

Boer War

Conflicts between the British Empire and Dutch settlers (Boers) in South Africa over control of territory and resources.

Indirect Rule

A type of colonial government where local rulers maintained their positions of authority under colonial control.

Economic Changes from Imperialism

Colonizations tapped local resources, destroyed indigenous economies, and integrated cash crops into the global market.

Queen Yaa Asantewaa

Leader of the Asante Kingdom who fought against British colonialism during the War of the Golden Stool.

Asante Kingdom

A pre-colonial state in West Africa that engaged with both European and Muslim traders.

Menelik II

Emperor of Ethiopia who modernized the country and successfully defended it against Italian invasion.

Western Advantages in Imperialism

Strong economies, well-organized governments, powerful armies, and advanced technology.

Missionaries' Role

Catholic and Protestant missionaries sought to spread Christianity and often built schools and medical clinics.

Racial Superiority

A belief in the superiority of certain races that often justified imperialism and colonial rule.

Indentured Servants

Individuals contracted to work for a specific time, often under harsh conditions, usually in colonies.

African Elite

Educated Africans who emerged as a middle class and often adopted Western ideals while rejecting their own culture.

motivating factors for imperialism

• Power

• Supplies  

• Population 

• Social Status 

• Evolution

• Creation of jobs

• More power