DTM Stages

Stage 1 (High Stationary)

High birth and death rates; low total population growth due to poor healthcare, famine, and low life expectancy.

Stage 2 (Early Expanding)

Death rate falls due to improved healthcare and clean water; birth rate remains high, leading to rapid population growth.

Stage 3 (Late Expanding)

Birth rate starts to fall due to contraception, education, and urbanisation; population still grows but more slowly.

Stage 4 (Low Stationary)

Both birth and death rates are low and stable; population is high but growing slowly.

Stage 5 (Declining?)

Birth rate falls below death rate, leading to a slow decline in total population.