BIO 2301 PRST Study

The kidneys usually reabsorb all of the glucose that is filtered. In diabetes mellitus often more glucose is filtered than can be reabsorbed. How will this excess of glucose in the renal tubules affect renal function?

more water will become excreted because of the higher than usual tubular osmolarity

Epson salts are solutes that do not pass through cell membranes. If one soaks in a hypertonic solution of Epson salts, which of the following will occur?

the water will leave the body by osmosis

Cortisone passes through cell membranes. Which of the following will occur if a cortisone cream is applied to the skin?

cortisone will enter the body by diffusion

If a presynaptic cell was completely incapable of producing a neurotransmitter, which of the following would be useful for increasing stimulation of the postsynaptic cell?

Neurotransmitter agonist

Exposure to an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor causes an accumulation of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses. Which of the following classes of drugs might be useful in treating an individual that has been exposed to an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?

an acetylcholine antagonist

Fescue toxicosis causes reproductive problems in horses. It results when a naturally occuring chemical that mimics the affect of dopamine contaminates fescue hay. Which of the following classes of drugs might be useful in treating horses that have been exposed to this chemical?

dopamine antagonist

During a neurological exam, touching the cornea of the left eye causes only the left eye to blink. Touching the right cornea causes only the left eye to blink. Which of the following is consistent with these signs?

Damage to CN VII on the right.

During a neurological exam, touching the cornea of the left eye causes both eyes to blink. Touching the cornea of the right eye causes both eyes to blink. Which of the following is consistent with these signs?

normal

During a neurological exam, touching the cornea of the left eye causes no response. Touching the cornea of the right eye causes both eyes to blink. Which of the following is consistent with these signs?

damage to CN V on the left

An individual is unable to take the Romberg test because of swaying while the eyes are open. Which of the following occurring alone can explain this?

Cerebellar deficit

An individual exhibits a positive Romberg sign. This individual can detect the position of limbs in space, but feels that the world is spinning. These signs suggest which of the following?

vestibular deficit

An individual exhibits a positive Romberg sign. The individual is unable to detect the position of the limbs in space. These signs suggest which of the following?

proprioceptive deficit

Which of the above parameters show a correlation with force production?

Parameters A and B

Monitoring which of the above electrical parameters would be useful in assessing force production by the muscle?

Parameters A and B

Which of the above graphs suggest that neither hours of study nor caffeine consumption influence exam scores?

Graph B

Which of the above graphs suggest that both hours of study and caffeine consumption influence exam scores?

Graph A

Which of the above graphs suggest that hours of study affect exam scores, but caffeine consumption does not?

Graph D

Which of the above graphs suggest that hours of study does not influence exam scores, but caffeine consumption does influence exam scores?

Graph C

Dehydration increases an individual's blood osmolarity. Which of the following is expected to occur as a result of dehydration?

increased aldosterone secretion

Which of the following is expected in an individual whose adrenal cortex has lost the capacity to secrete aldosterone?

all of the above

A condition of Diabetes Insipidus, whereby an individual lacks the ability to produce ADH, will cause which of the following to occur?

both (a) and (b) are expected

An injection of TRH will result in which of the following?

an increase in both TSH and thyroid hormone secretion

If the thyroid gland cannot produce thyroid hormones, which of the following is expected?

increases in both TRH and TSH

If the pituitary gland cannot produce TSH, which of the following is expected?

increased TRH and decreased thyroid hormone secretion

Injection of thyroid hormones will result in which of the following?

decreased TRH and TSH secretion

The conditions in which of the above questions would likely result in sweating?

22 and 25

Hyperprolactinemia (an abundance of PRL) is a common cause of infertility. Which of the following would be useful in treating this condition?

dopamine agonist

An individual is infused with a drug that increases resistance. Which of the following is expected to occur as a result of this infusion?

decreased cardiac output and decreased renin secretion

An individual is infused with a drug that decreases cardiac output. Which of the following is expected to occur as a result?

increased resistance and increased renin secretion

An individual is infused with a drug that decreases resistance. Choose the answer that indicates the direct effect this drug has on blood pressure and then the body's homeostatic response.

decreased blood pressure and increased cardiac output

An individual's blood pressure has decreased due to blood loss. Assuming that they are not in shock, which of the following is expected to occur as a result of this change in blood pressure?

increased resistance and increased renin secretion

A defiant child decides they are going to hold their breath in protest to not being able to do what they want to do. Which of the following will occur as a result?

an increase in blood carbon dioxide and a decrease in pH

A hiker is lost in the woods with no food for several days. As a result, the hiker develops a ketoacidosis which has lowered their blood pH. Which of the following will occur as a homeostatic response to this disturbance in pH?

an increase in ventilation and a decrease in blood carbon dioxide

An anxious student taking the physiology reasoning skills test begins to hyperventilate. Which of the following is likely to occur as a result of the change in breathing?

an increase in both blood pH and blood oxygen

A mad scientist injects a base into his victim's blood, increasing the blood pH. How will the body respond in order to restore the pH to normal?

an increase in blood carbon dioxide and a decrease in blood oxygen