chemistry - atomic structures

atoms are made up of the following subatomic partcles

protons - nucleus - +

electrons - electron cloud - -

neutrons- nucleus - +

protons are equal to electrons so that they have a nuteral charge

atomic number

identifies the number of protons (identifies what the atom is)

atomic mass

protons + nuetrons

how do you identify the number of protons

atomic number

how do you identify number of nuetrons

mass number - atomic number

how do you identify the number of electrons

same amount as protons - atomic number

elements

substances made up of one type of atom

compounds

substances made up of more then one type of atom

molecules

two or more atoms joined together

lacttices

continues 3d structure

how to write molecules

write the actual number of eat atom - 2 hydrogens ,3 calciums

mixtures

two or more substances are added together that dont chemically bond

isotopes

same element = different number of neutrons and same amount of protons

electrostratic attraction

electrons are held in orbit bc of the electroststic attraction betweenn protons caused by their opposite charges

bhores model

2,8,8,18

electron conficguration

number of electrons in each electron shell

valence electrons

outer most electron shell,determines behaviour of atom

core electron

inner electrons

group 1

alkaline metals - very reactive w water

group 2

alkaline earth metals- react slowley with water

group 17

halogens - colourfull and poisenouse

group 18

nobel gasses - inert ( no reaction)

emission spectra

know electrons exist in energy levles bc of this. this is created by either heating or passing an ekectric current through a material and looking at the light its releasing

ions

atoms are neaturaly charged but atoms can be unstable and react to form ions= when an atom ganes/looses an electron

anion

negative charge

cation

positive charged ion

explaine light theory

why does the rlight change diferent colours..

atoms become ions to become

more stable

mentals form a

positive charge

non metals form

nagative charge

what do “groups” tell us

number of valence electrons

what does the period tell us

how many electron shells

LO descrive the cgarcteristics of the 3 subatomic particloes

protons +1 nucleus identifies the atom

nuetrons 0 nucleus isotopes

elecons -1 electron cloud chemical bahavion/ions

LO descrive the difference between atoms,moleciles,elememnts,compound and mixtures

atom- smallest unit of matter- H,O,C

moleciule- two or more atoms bonded- O2

element- pure substance of one type of ataom

compound- diff elements chemically bonded - NaCl

mixture- substance physically sompounded - saltwater

LO identify important information about elements from the periodic table

GROUPS;

elemenys in the same group haave simialre chemical properties

tells us number of valence electrons

PERIODS

show us elemnts electron shells

ELEMENT CATAGORUES

metals

non metals

metalloids

SPECIAL BLOCKS

g1 alkali metals - react vioelntly w water

g2 alkaline earth metals - react slowley w water

g17 halogens - colourfull and poisnos

g18 nobel gasses - inert

LO explaine what ions are

an atom/group of atoms that has gained ot lost electrons

LO explaine that valence electrons determine the properties of element

• ones that interat w other atoms

• how they chemically react

• same number of valence electrons = similare properties

whats a polyatomic ion

compound formed ion - contains more then one type of atom