Life and Career Skills: Developmental Theories

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages, Donald Super's career stages, James Marcia's identity statuses, and related developmental tasks and activities.

Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory

A developmental theory involving eight stages where each stage builds on the previous one, strongly influenced by social relationships.

Donald Super's Career Developmental Theory

A life-span view of career development that recognizes changes as people mature and partitions working life into five stages.

Trust vs. Mistrust

The basic conflict during infancy ($0–1\,year$) where infants depend on caregivers for basic needs like food and warmth.

Hope

The virtue developed during the Trust vs. Mistrust stage when care is consistent and loving.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

The psychosocial stage occurring between $1–3\,years$ where toddlers begin to explore independence by doing simple tasks.

Will

The virtue developed in early childhood ($1–3\,years$) when children are supported and encouraged to be independent.

Initiative vs. Guilt

The basic conflict for children aged $3–6\,years$ as they start planning activities and engaging in imaginative play.

Purpose

The virtue gained during the Initiative vs. Guilt stage when a child's efforts to explore are supported.

Industry vs. Inferiority

The psychosocial stage for children aged $6–12\,years$ focused on learning new skills and achieving tasks in school.

Competence

The virtue developed when children are praised for completing schoolwork and achieving tasks between ages $6–12$.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

The conflict faced by adolescents ($12–18\,years$) as they explore their beliefs, values, and future goals.

Fidelity

The virtue of being faithful, loyal, or steadfast in fulfilling duties and commitments, developed during adolescence.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

The basic conflict in young adulthood where individuals seek to form close, meaningful relationships.

Love

The virtue resulting from successful resolution of the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

The psychosocial crisis of middle adulthood where adults focus on contributing to society and guiding others.

Care

The virtue gained when a person feels fulfillment through raising families or mentoring others in middle adulthood.

Integrity vs. Despair

The final psychosocial stage during late adulthood where individuals reflect on their life accomplishments.

Wisdom

The virtue developed in old age through a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction with one's life achievements.

Growth Stage (Donald Super)

The career developmental stage occurring from Birth to $14\,years$ where individuals develop interests and abilities.

Exploration Stage (Donald Super)

The career stage from ages $15–24\,years$ where individuals try new experiences and choose a course or strand.

Establishment Stage (Donald Super)

The career stage from ages $25–44\,years$ where individuals enter the workforce and aim to build their careers.

Maintenance Stage (Donald Super)

The career stage from ages $45–64\,years$ focused on updating skills and maintaining productivity.

Decline / Disengagement Stage (Donald Super)

The career stage at age $65+$ where individuals reduce work responsibilities and prepare for retirement.

Identity diffusion

A state in James Marcia's theory characterized by low commitment and low exploration regarding values or career path.

Identity foreclosure

A state where an adolescent makes a high commitment without exploring other options, often to meet parental expectations.

Identity moratorium

A state of high exploration but low commitment where an individual is actively questioning different identities.

Identity achievement

The state reached when an adolescent has explored alternatives and made firm commitments to specific values and goals.

Vision Casting

An activity involving self-reflection on future retirement and giving advice to younger professionals.

Vision Board

A tool used to craft goals for oneself after senior high school, including 5-year and 10-year plans.

Ephesians 2:10

A scripture stating: 'For we are God’s handiwork, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do'.

Mistrust Result

Leads to fear and insecurity in an infant if care is inconsistent or neglectful.

Shame and Doubt Result

Occurs in toddlers if they are overly controlled or criticized during independence exploration.

Guilt Result

Occurs when children aged $3–6$ are discouraged or punished for trying new things or imaginative play.

Inferiority Result

Occurs in school-aged children due to repeated failure or lack of encouragement.

Role Confusion

The result of failing to resolve the identity stage, leaving the individual unsure about who they are.

Isolation Result

Follows a young adult's failure to form close connections or avoidance of meaningful relationships.

Stagnation Result

A feeling of being unproductive or having a lack of contribution in middle adulthood.

Despair Result

The feeling of unhappiness and regret when an elderly person reflects on their life.

Self-Concept (Super)

The mental image of oneself shaped by family, school, and early experiences during the Growth Stage.

Trial and Decision-making

Core activities of the Exploration Stage ($15–24\,years$) in Donald Super's theory.

Stability and Consistency

The main priorities for individuals during the Maintenance Stage of career development.

Disengagement Focus

The shift toward personal life, family, and leisure activities instead of full-time work.

Hidilyn Diaz - Growth Stage

Developing weightlifting awareness in Zamboanga through a cousin as a child.

Hidilyn Diaz - Exploration Stage

Participating in the $2008$ Beijing Olympics at the age of $17$.

Hidilyn Diaz - Establishment Stage

Gaining recognition with a silver medal in the $2016$ Rio Olympics and gold in the $2020$ Tokyo Olympics.

Hidilyn Diaz - Maintenance Stage

Continuing to compete while mentoring younger athletes and engaging in business ventures.

Hidilyn Diaz - Potential Disengagement Stage

Future roles such as coaching, speaking, or community leadership after retirement from competition.

Late Adolescence Cognitive Development

The period where individuals gain better decision-making skills.

Late Adolescence Physical Development

The stage where individuals generally reach physical maturity.

Developing a positive self-concept

The first developmental task listed for late adolescence.

Emotional maturity and self-regulation

The second developmental task listed for late adolescence.

Achieving independence

The third developmental task of late adolescence involving separation from parents and family.

Forming healthy relationships

The fourth developmental task of late adolescence focused on maintaining connections.

Educational or career goals

The fifth developmental task of late adolescence involving establishing and pursuing future paths.

Learning practical life skills

The sixth developmental task of late adolescence preparing for adulthood.

Identity Collage

A mini-task using symbols or pictures to define one's identity as a young adult.

Reflective Journal

A tool for exploring personal identity, values, and aspirations through prompts like 'Who am I?'

Timeline of Important Life Events

A homework activity where students map significant events and how they shaped their identity.

James Marcia

The psychologist who identified four identity statuses: diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and achievement.

Infancy (Quiz Definition)

A period characterized by the development of trust through bonding with caregivers.

Early Childhood (Quiz Definition)

The period focusing on the development of independence and refinement of motor and language skills.

Adolescence (Quiz Definition)

A period of rapid growth, identity exploration, and puberty.

Early Adulthood (Quiz Definition)

The period for establishing intimate relationships and career paths.

Late Adulthood (Quiz Definition)

The stage of retirement, life reflection, and physical decline.

Identity Formation

The process a teenager undergoes when exploring different career options and ideologies.

Boredom and lack of purpose

Specific manifestations of stagnation during middle adulthood mentioned in Erikson's theory.

Generosity in Focus

The integration theme described as 'Generous Thoughts & Action' in relation to God's handiwork.

Success (Growth Stage)

Imagining a future based on interests, such as a child who likes drawing wanting to be an artist.

Establishment Goal

Gaining experience, improving skills, and seeking promotions to grow professionally.

Maintenance Strategy

Attending seminars and trainings to keep up with new strategies, such as an experienced teacher remaining productive.

Psychological Maturity (Late Adolescence)

Further committing to identity and forming mature relationships.

Vision Casting Self-Reflection

Includes identifying the occasion, clothing, feelings of the audience, and personal feelings.

Reliable Person

An achievement mentioned where a person can be depended on by others.

Indioglitz

A term found on Page 10 of the lecture notes.

J.C.S.G.O. Christian Academy

The institution associated with the lecture notes, founded in $1997$.

Primary Psychosocial Task of Adolescence

Identity vs. Role Confusion.

Middle Adulthood Striving

According to Erikson, people in this stage strive for Generativity.

Ego Integrity

The sense of fulfillment an elderly person feels when looking back at their life achievements.

Role of Practice

Encouraging a child to try dressing themselves gains confidence, while scolding makes them feel incapable.

Creative Purpose

Developing creativity through pretend games, associated with the Initiative stage.

Low Self-Esteem

The potential result of constant criticism during the Industry vs. Inferiority stage ($6–12\,years$).

Fidelity Outcome

Successfully resolving identity exploration leads to a strong sense of self-identity.

Loneliness Result

The outcome of failing to establish emotional connection in young adulthood.

Productivity

The positive outcome of the Generativity vs. Stagnation stage in adults.

Lifelong Development

The view in Erikson’s theory that development does not stop at childhood but continues throughout life.

Career Adaptation

A key emphasis of Donald Super's theory alongside life span career choice.

Vocational Behaviors

Specific actions at each stage that developmental theories try to identify within a working life.

Zamboanga

The location where Hidilyn Diaz grew up and was introduced to weightlifting.

Beijing Olympics

The specific event signaling Hidilyn Diaz's active exploration of a professional career at age $17$.

Rio Olympics 2016

The event where Hidilyn Diaz won a silver medal, marking her establishment stage.

Tokyo Olympics 2020

The event where Hidilyn Diaz won gold, marking the peak of her competitive career.

Mentoring younger athletes

A characteristic behavior of the Maintenance stage exemplified by Hidilyn Diaz.

Role-playing activities

A method used to depict conflicts, challenges, or milestones relevant to developmental stages.

Action Plan / Personal Roadmap

A realistic strategy developed by students to integrate developmental tasks and career goals.

Identify Diffusion Result

The adolescent has not yet made decisions about values or career and is not actively exploring alternatives.

Identity Moratorium Result

Actively questioning and exploring identities without having made a firm decision.

Independence from parents

A key psychosocial shift during late adolescence and early adulthood.

Stability

An important goal during the Establishment and Maintenance career stages.

Self-regulation

Combined with emotional maturity as a developmental task in late adolescence.

Imaginative Play

An activity children engage in during the Initiative vs. Guilt stage ($3–6\,years$).