Video notes review: Organization of living things and physiology (Fill-in-the-Blank)

A set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts from the notes on cellular organization, plant and animal physiology, digestion, respiration, circulation, and photosynthesis.

Unicellular organisms are composed of a cell.

single

Multicellular organisms are made up of more than one cell in which different cells are to perform different functions for the benefits of the whole.

specialised

Euglena is a organism.

Eukaryotic

Bacteria are .

Prokaryotic

Amoeba is .

Eukaryotic

Paramecium is .

Eukaryotic

Volvox colony is a hollow sphere made up of 500 to 60,000 algae cells, each with 2 flagella and connected by strands of cytoplasm; the colony is cell thick.

one

In multicellular organisms, cells are organized into groups called .

tissues

Cell Differentiation: the process by which cells become in order to perform different functions.

specialised

Specialisation: the process of genes switching on and off so that a cell can perform its specific .

function

Red blood cells are small -shaped cells with no nucleus.

disc

Root hair cells increase the area for absorption.

surface

Palisade mesophyll cells are packed with .

chloroplasts

Guard cells become when filled with water, causing stomata to open.

turgid

Gas exchange in mammals occurs in the .

alveoli

Insects use a tracheal system; the finest ends of the tracheoles are filled with .

water

Gills in fish have lamellae that increase the for gas exchange.

surface area

Open circulatory systems transport fluid called .

haemolymph

Closed circulatory systems are found in .

vertebrates

Arteries carry blood the heart.

away from

Veins carry blood the heart.

towards

Capillary walls are only thick.

one cell

Plasma is the portion of blood.

liquid

Mature red blood cells lack a .

nucleus

Hemoglobin binds to to transport oxygen.

oxygen

Phagocytes engulf bacteria; lymphocytes produce .

antibodies

Platelets release to aid blood clotting.

thromboplastin

Light-dependent reactions take place in the (thylakoid membranes) of the chloroplast.

grana

Light-independent reactions take place in the of the chloroplast.

stroma

The light-independent stage is also known as the Cycle.

Calvin

Autotrophs produce their own food via .

photosynthesis

The overall equation for cellular respiration is + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + ATP.

oxygen

Cellular respiration occurs in the .

mitochondria

Leaves exchange gases through the stomata; guard cells open stomata when they become .

turgid

Variegated leaves have less ; rate of photosynthesis is lower.

chlorophyll

Rate of photosynthesis is directly proportional to light intensity until .

saturation

Xylem transports water from roots to the .

leaves

In plants, the process of moving sugars from leaves to other parts is called .

translocation

The cuticle on the leaf is and prevents water loss.

transparent

Photosynthesis requires energy to drive the reactions.

light