Organic (Eric)

Define Hydrocarbon

any molecule made up of only H and C

Molecule with only single C-C bonds

Alkane, ends in -ane

Molecule with only 1 double C bond

Alkene, ends in -ene

Molecule with only 1 triple C bond

Alkyne, ends in -yne

Carboxylic acid suffix

-anoic acid

Alchohol suffix and prefix

-ol / hydroxy-

Define Constitutional (structural) Isomer

two or more organic compounds have the same molecular formulas but different structures.

Define Stereoisomers / cis trans isomers

molecules that share the same molecular formula and arrangement of atoms, but differ from one another in 3-dimensional space.

What do Stereoisomers / cis trans isomers require

Rotation must be restricted in the molecule (C=C bond). There must be two nonidentical groups on each doubly bonded carbon atom

Primary 1° groups

main function carbon is bonded to only one other carbon

Secondary 2° groups

main function carbon is bonded to two other carbons

Tertiary 3° groups

main function carbon is bonded to three other carbons

Define substitution reaction

where one functional group is replaced with a different one

1. alkane→haloalkane

2. haloalkane→amine

Define addition reaction

one molecule combines with another to form a larger molecule with no biproduct

1. Alkene→haloalkane

2. alkene→alkane

3. alkene→alcohol

What do addition reactions require

double or triple bond

Major product of markovnikov (assymetrical alkene)

“the rich get richer” The carbon with more hydrogens will inherit the more positive part of the agent.

Minor product of markovnikov (assymetrical alkene)

“the poor get poorer” The carbon with the least hydrogen will inherit the more negative part of the agent.

Define Polymerisation

The addition of smaller monomers which are chemically bonded to form a larger molecule called polymer

Define elimination reaction

a pair of atoms or groups of atoms are removed from a molecule which creates a double bond between the carbons

Define oxidation reaction

the loss of electrons, often by the addition of oxygen