exam

Periodontium

the functional unit of tissues surrounding and supporting the tooth.

mucus membrane

The tissue lining of the oral cavity- Made up of connective tissues

\

\

\

Masticatory Mucosa

Covers gingiva and hard palate, used for chewing, firmly attached and leratinized

\

Lining Mucosa

Inner surface of lips, cheeks, floor of mouth

\

Diastema

space between 2 natural or adjacent teeth

Epithelium

Specialized single layer or multiple layer (stratified) of cells that form on the surface of the skin

\

Hyperkeratosis

abnormal thickening of the keratin layer of the epithelium

Keratinization

horny layer of flattened epithelial cells containing Keratin

Mastication

Masticatory force: the forces created by the action of mastication muscles during chewing

\

Nonkeratinized mucosa

lining mucosa in which the stratifies squamous epithelial cells retain their nuclei and cytoplasm

\

Probing depth

The distance from the GM to the location of the periodontal prove tip inserted for gentle probing to the attachment (JE)

exudate

pus fluid and dead cells produced during inflammation which can cary in color, thickness, and odor

\

\

Attachment apparatus

the cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone

Stippling

the pitted orange peel appearance frequently seen on the surface of the attached gingiva

\

Suppuration

\:pus- formation of a fluid produce or the process of discharging pus as a result of inflammation

 Diagnostic aid for periodontal disease activity as its composition changes during

23. Define the interdental papilla

 Location: Interproximal area between two adjacent teeth that are in contact.

 The tip and lateral borders are Continuous with free gingiva.

 The interproximal area is called the embrasure

Varies with spacing or overlapping teeth

 Peaked

 Narrow

 Pointed (esp. anterior teeth)

 Flat or blunted (wide spaces & posteriors)

24. Define the Col

 Depression UNDER A CONTACT between facial & lingual interdental papillae.

 Width is 2-6mm and depth is .3-1.5mm

 Non-keratinized \= susceptible to disease.

 Most perio infections start in this area!

25. Define and list the types of embrasure spaces and their significance

 Normal: interdental papilla fills the space

 Class I embrasure: Tip of papilla is apical to the contact point of adjacent teeth

but CEJ is not visible

 Class II embrasure: Tip of papilla is at or apical to the interproximal CEJ, bit

coronal to the height of the facial CEJ

 Class III embrasure: Complete loss of the interdental papilla due to extensive

gingival recession

26. Define the Junctional epithelium

 Band of stratified squamous epithelium that encircles the tooth forming a tight

seal.

 Continuous with the sulcular epithelium

 Non-kerantinized tissue

 TOP of JE is bottom of sulcular epithelium.

 Widest at the top portion, near base of sulcus. (15-30 cells)

 Narrows at the bottom. (1-3 cells)

 Length is .25-1.35mm

 During eruption the epithelium migrates towards the CEJ

 At full eruption the the attachment is on the cementum (D)

 With infection the JE will move apically (E)

 The distance between the epithelial attachment and the crest of the alveolar

bone is about 2.04 mm \--- biologic width

27. Define the attached gingiva

 Continuous with oral epithelium of free gingiva.

 Covered by keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium.

 Firmly attached to cementum & alveolar bone.

 Shape follows contour between roots of teeth. – covers the root eminence

28. Define the mucogingival junction:

 Scalloped dividing line between the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa.

 Easy to identify.

 Dramatic color change in everyone.

29. Define the alveolar mucosa:

 Moveable.

 Loosely attached to underlying bone.

 Smooth, shiny, nonkeratinized.

 Thin epithelium

30. Define a frenum:

 Frenum & Frenulum \= singular

 Frena \= plural

 Narrow fold of mucous membrane.

 Passes from fixed area to moveable area.

 Restricts movement of tissues.

31. Define the periodontal ligament:

 Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and attaches the roots of teeth to the

alveolar bone.

 Located in the periodontal space between the cementum and alveolar bone.

32. Gingival fibers

o Rope like collagen fiber bundles in the gingival connective tissue that are located

above the alveolar crest of bone.

FUNCTIONS

o Gingival fibers brace the free gingiva firmly against the tooth and reinforce the

ac\=attachment of the JE to the tooth.

o Provide the free gingiva with the rigidity needed to withstand the frictional

forces that result during mastication

o Umite the free gingiva with the cementum of the root and alveolar bane

o Connect adjacent teeth to one another to control tooth positioning with in the

dentinal arch

o Dentogingival fibers: (free gingiva): from the cementum to the cervical region

into the free gingival to five support to the gingiva