Acids, Bases and Salts

Flashcards about acids, bases, and salts

According to the Arrhenius theory, what type of compounds are acids and bases?

Electrolytes

What is an electrolyte?

A substance that, when dissolved in water, forms a solution capable of conducting an electric current.

On what does the ability of a solution to conduct an electric current depend?

The concentration of ions.

List four properties of acids.

Dissolve in water, electrolytes; Taste sour, neutralize bases, react with active metals to produce hydrogen gas, pH less than 7, turn blue litmus red.

List four properties of bases.

Dissolve in water, electrolytes, taste bitter, neutralize acids, emulsify fats and oils, feel slippery, pH greater than 7, turn red litmus blue.

Which type of species can conduct an electric current?

Electrolytes dissolved in water

What type of solution contains an electrolyte?

A solution containing an acid, base or salt(ionic compound).

What ion do Arrhenius acids yield in an aqueous solution?

H+ (aq), hydrogen ion.

What is another way to write the hydrogen ion in an aqueous solution?

H3O+ (aq), hydronium ion.

What ions does an Arrhenius acid have in solution?

Hydrogen ions as the only positive ions.

Which is an example of an Arrhenius acid?

HBr(aq)

According to Table K, what do all acids start with?

H

What ion do Arrhenius bases yield in an aqueous solution?

OH- (aq), hydroxide ion.

What ion is produced when an Arrhenius base is dissolved in water?

OH– , as the only negative ion in solution

Name a common base from table L

NaOH(aq) sodium hydroxide, KOH(aq) potassium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2(aq) calcium hydroxide, NH3(aq) aqueous ammonia

What ions are produced when ammonia dissolves in water?

NH4 +(aq) + OH-(aq)

What do Arrhenius acids and bases react to form?

A salt and water.

In Neutralization what happens to the H+ and OH- ions?

The H+ from the acid combines with the OH- from the base to make water (HOH = H2O).

In Neutralization what happens to the nonmetal and metal ions?

The Nonmetal from the acid combines with the metal from the base to make a salt.

What type of reaction is: HCl(aq) + LiOH(aq) HOH(l)+ LiCl(aq)

Neutralization

Which equation represents a neutralization reaction?

H2SO 4 + Mg(OH)2 --> MgSO4 + 2 H2O

What is titration?

A laboratory process in which a volume of solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of another solution.

What is the formula used in titration?

Ma xVa = MbxVb

What does Ma stand for in the titration formula?

Molarity of H+

What does Mb stand for in the titration formula?

Molarity of OH-

What does Va stand for in the titration formula?

Volume of Acid

What does Vb stand for in the titration formula?

Volume of Base

At the equivalence point of titration, what is equal?

The moles of H+ equals the moles of OH-

An acid is a H+ (proton) and a base is an H+ (proton) .

donor, acceptor

What does an acid do when reacting with NH3?

HCl donates a proton (H+) and NH3 accepts a proton (H+)

What is the purpose of indicators?

To show the relative level of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

What color does red litmus paper turn in base?

Blue

What color does blue litmus paper turn in acid?

Red

A compound whose water solution conducts electricity and turns phenolphthalein pink is a ?

Base (NaOH)

What occurs on the pH scale with each decrease of one unit?

A tenfold increase in hydronium ion concentration

Which type of 1 M solution will have the highest pH?

A base (NaOH)