Post-Lab Quiz 5 - 232 Lab

Kidneys

Ureters

Urinary bladder

Urethra

Renal cortex

Renal cortex - renal columns

Renal medulla

Renal medulla - renal pyramids

Renal medulla - renal papilla

Renal sinus - Major calyx

Renal sinus - Minor calyx

Renal sinus - Renal pelvis

Renal artery and vein

Renal corpuscle (add histology slide)

RC

Renal corpuscle

Contains the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule

Renal corpuscle - Glomerular capsule

Renal corpuscle - Glomerular capsule (add histology slide)

GC

Renal corpuscle - Glomerular space (add histology slide)

Renal corpuscle - Glomerular space

Renal corpuscle - Glomerulus (add histology slide)

G

Renal corpuscle - Glomerulus

Proximal Convoluted Tubules (add histology slide)

Proximal Convoluted Tubules

Nephron Loop (Loop of Henle)

Distal Convoluted Tubules (add histology slide)

Distal Convoluted Tubules

Collecting duct

Peritubular capillaries

Vasa recta

Afferent and efferent arterioles

1. List the 5 functions of the urinary system

1. elimination of metabolic wastes like urea

2. regulation ion levels of the blood, Na+, Ca++, K+, PO4³

3. regulate blood pH via H+ and HCO3

4. regulate blood pressure

5. eliminate biogically active molecules like hormones and drugs

2. Identify the 4 major structures that compose the urinary system on the cadaver, models, and images

1. kidneys

2. ureters

3. bladder

4. urethra

3. Identify the two distinct regions of the kidney on models and images, and describe the features of each

1. renal cortex - outer layer, lighter in color, 85% of nephrons

   1. renal column extends to medulla

2. renal medulla - inner layer, darker in color, 15% of nephrons

   1. renal pyramid

4. List the 3 components of the renal sinus

1. minor calyx

2. major calyx

3. renal pelvis

5. Draw a nephron, labeling the 7 structures from the terms list; include 2 vessels associated with the glomerulus, and 2 vessels associated with the nephron

6. List the 3 components of the renal corpuscle

1. glomerulus

2. glomerular capsule

3. glomerular space

7. Identify the glomerulus, glomerular space, glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, and distal convoluted tubule, on histology slides and images

1. PCT has brush border and lots of filtrate; DCT clearer; collecting duct cuboidal

8. Describe the vasculature of the kidney, including the location and function of afferent and efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries, and vasa recta. 

Afferent arteriole:

• supplied blood to a glomerulus

• some blood plasma is filtered into the glomerulus

Efferent arteriole:

• where blood exits the glomerulus

• branches into PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES or VASA RECTA

Peritubular capillaries:

• associated with and intertwined around the proximal and distal convoluted tubules

• reside in the cortex of the kidney

Vasa recta:

• associated with nephron loop

• primarily reside in the medulla

9. Trace fluid from its formation at the renal corpuscle until it exits the body through the urethra

1. glomerulus, glomerular space; PCT, loop of Henle, DCT, collecting duct, renal papilla, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

10. Compare and contrast the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. 

1. filtration - movement of substances out of the blood into capsule

2. reabsorption - movement of subtances from tubular fluid back into blood

3. secretion - movement of substances from blood to tubular fluid

11. For these substances: water, glucose, proteins, ketones, amino acids, erythrocytes, leukocytes:

    1. Indicate whether they filtered in the nephron,

    2. and if reabsorbed, indicate the location of reabsorption.

    3. Indicate whether they are normally present in urine,

    4. and if not, name a disease or condition that would explain its presence. 

Water

• Filtered in nephron: Yes

• If reabsorbed, where: PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT, Collecting duct

• Normally present in urine: Yes

• If no, name a disease or condition that would explain its presence:

Glucose

• Filtered in nephron: Yes

• If reabsorbed, where: PCT

• Normally present in urine: No

• Name a disease or condition that would explain its presence: Diabetes

Proteins

• Filtered in nephron: small = YES, large = NO

• If reabsorbed, where: small in PCT

• Normally present in urine: No

• Name a disease or condition that would explain its presence: Kidney damage

Keytones

• Filtered in nephron: Yes

• If reabsorbed, where: PCT

• Normally present in urine: small amounts = YES, large amounts = NO

• Name a disease or condition that would explain its presence: Diabetes

Amino acids

• Filtered in nephron: Yes

• If reabsorbed, where: PCT

• Normally present in urine: No

• Name a disease or condition that would explain its presence: …

Erythrocytes

• Filtered in nephron: No

• If reabsorbed, where: No

• Normally present in urine: No

• Name a disease or condition that would explain its presence: UTI

Leukocytes

• Filtered in nephron: No

• If reabsorbed, where: No

• Normally present in urine: No

• Name a disease or condition that would explain its presence: UTI

12. Trace the path of glucose from glomerulus to renal vein in a healthy person. 

1. glomerulus - glomerular space - PCT - peritubular capillaries - venules - renal vein

13. Explain the effects of antidiuretic hormone on urine volume; note the site of production, site of action in the nephron, the direction and movement of water, and the effects on blood pressure. 

• Effects on urine volume: reduces urine volume

• Site of production: posterior pituitary

• Site of action: CD (Collecting Duct)

• Water movement: reabsorption via aquaporins

• Effect on BP: increases

14. Compare and contrast the female urethra and male urethra. 

1. male 7.5” and surrounded by prostate gland

2. female 1.6”

15. State the volume of filtrate and urine produced daily by each kidney.

180L of filtrate, 90L per kidney

• Urine volume = 1-2L total, so 0.5-1L per kidney

Urine pH

The pH for urine typiacally ranges between 4.5 and 8.0 - changes with diet