History Quiz 2: Immigration and Urbanization

during what time period did most europeans immigrate to the US

between Civil War and WWI

what years did the 1st wave happen

pre 1890s

what countries were involved in the 1st wave

northern and Western Europe:

-Germany

-Ireland

-GB

what years did the 2nd wave happen

post 1890-1920

what countries were involved in the 2nd wave

southern and Eastern Europe:

-Italians

-Greeks

-Hungarians

did the first or second wave have a harder time assimilating

the second

why leave home?

-jobs in America

-escape poverty and social class restrictions

-avoid military service

-high food prices

-religious persecution

push factors

-farm poverty and worker uncertainty

-wars and compulsory military service

-religious oppression

-population pressur

pull factors

-plenty of land

-plenty of work

-higher standard of living

-democratic political system

-opportunity for social advancement

once they go to America, where did immigrants settle and work and why

settled in the city and worked unskilled jobs bc they did not have to money to buy land farther out

how long was the immigration trip

2 weeks to 2 months

what was the place called that the Europeans passed through

Ellis Island

how long were they in the holding area at Ellis island

1-3 days

what did they check for at Ellis island

-disease and lice

-work experience and criminal check

how much was the processing cost per person at Ellis island

$25

at the peak, how many passed through Ellis island per day

10000

what cities had the highest percentage of immigrants

NYC, Chicago, Detroit, Milwaukee

how were the immigrants separated throughout the cities

by ethnic groups:

-little Italy

-lower east side

-Chinatown

what was the Ellis island for the Asians

Angel island

what countries were part of Asian immigration

China

Japan

Korea

how were the Asians treated

highly discriminated against

what was formed to fight Chinese immigration and in what year was it formed

Workingman's Party of California in 1870

what are some things the Workingman's Party of California did

-barred Chinese immigration for 10 years

-prevented Chinese already in the country from becoming citizens

what happened in 1906

San Francisco Department of Education ordered all Chinese, Japanese, and Korean children to attend a racially segregated Oriental School

what was the effect of the segregated schools

caused international turmoil

what did Roosevelt do

made a gentlemans agreement with the Japanese leadership

what did the gentlemans agreement do

limit on Japanese immigration if the school board would rescind its segregation order

nativism

extreme dislike of immigrants by native born people

when did nativism first begin and with who

1840 w the Irish

who did nativism focus on in the late 1800s

Asians, Jews, and Eastern Europeans

what did nativists fear

that Catholics would take over the Protestants and undermine workers because they would accept low wages and deals as strike breakers

when did the urban population explode

post civil war

both immigrants and rural Americans had...

-better paying jobs

-electricity

-modern plumbing

-entertainmen

how do you house all the people

skyscrapers

how do you transport all the people

-began w horsecars-->cable cars-->electric trolley cars

-eventually, elevated railroads and subways

where did wealthy live

fashionable districts in the heart of the city

where did middle class live

suburbs and took streetcar cable cars in

where did urban working class live

tenemnts

tenements

multi-family apartment buildings

city living problems

crime

violence

fire

disease

polkutiom

murder rate...

quadrupled

what were the 2 biggest problems and why

disease and pollution

-improper sewer disposal contaminated drinking water causing typhoid fever and cholera

political machine

an organization linked to a political party that often controlled local government; often corrupt

examples of political machine

Tammany Hall (NYC democratic)

party boss

persons in control of political machine. in exchange for votes, political bosses would provide we city dwellers jobs, housing, food, heat, and police protection

who usually controlled city finances and police department

party boss

graft

acquisition of money in dishonest ways, as in bribing a politician

gilded

covered with code on the outside but cheap on the inside

why did the United States have a gilded age

because everything people saw were new inventions, cities growing, skyscrapers, and money, but in reality, the US was experiencing corruption, poverty, crime, and discrimination

three ways to take away African-American rights to vote

literacy test

poll tax

grandfather cause

15th amendment

prohibits states from denying citizens the right to vote on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

what were the laws that rigidly enforced segregation called and what amendment does this go along with

Jim Crow laws

14

14th amendment

private organizations such as hotels, theaters, and railroads, were free to practice segregation

13th amendment

abolished slavery

what did Plessy challenge

a Louisiana law that forced him to ride in a separate railroad car from whites

Plessy v Ferguson

separate but equal; ruling law of land for 50 years; legal basis for discrimination in South

Ida B Wells

lynching

Booker T Washington

economic success prove that they (blacks) can work hard to be just as good as the whites

W.E.B. DuBois

civil rights activist

opposite of Washington

three steps to diminish civil rights

1. take away the vote

2. legalize segregation

3. lynching

what is lynching

to execute- by hanging, without lawful approval

gospel of wealth

we can help people but giving them resources, not money

who wrote the gospel of wealth

Andrew Carnegie

individualism

no matter their origins, Americans could rise in society and go as far as their talents and commitment would take them

where were the hull houses built

and extremely diverse neighborhoods

why were the hull houses beneficial to immigrants

because they were moving to a place where few people from their own home had already settled