chapter 5: section 3 + 4 - CHURCH HISTORY (methvin)

what monastery did the primary missionaries come from?

- jesuit
- fransiscans
- dominicans

what were the target locations for all explorers?

americas
africas
asia

where did most of the portugese explorers go?

brazil

where did the spanish explorers go?

primarily the americas

(they basically went everywhere except brazil)

why did missionaries accompany explorers?

to spread the Gospel message to the new world, africa, and the far east

what did pope gregory xv create in 1622?

the congregation for the propagation --> an official vatican creation to coordinate and oversee missionary activity

what was the world population in 1500?

427 million

is the Church a passive bystander?

no

ex: the pope grants rights to the new world + missionaries

what did the missionaries of this time do for/with the people of the countries they visited?

the baptized and converted them AND protested against conquistadors with them

what were the spanish explorers concerned with?

QUANTITY of converts

what were the french explorers concerned with?

QUALITY of converts

were the french or spanish conquerors more likely to have converts that would STAY catholic?

french

how did bartolome de las casas come to the new world?

he came with columbus from spain

bartolome de las casas was a slave owner. what happened to him during this time?

he had a conversion and became a dominican priest

what is bartolome de las casas known as?

a great defender of the natives

what was bartolome de las casas's missionary philosophy?

that one might win over many more converts to Christ through an attitude of respect and dignity

what did many conquistadors have a thirst for?

gold

what did the conquistadors think of the native people?

thought of them as inferior

where did the money come from for spanish explorations?

private funds

(NOT from the state)

what were the 3 reasons for exploration?

glory, God, and gold

(getting land, etc. , spreading the Gospel, and gaining gold)

what were 3 reasons that the native population declined?

- direct killings

- disruption of the Native's social structure

- diseases
(many of the native's weren't used to the bacteria, diseases, etc that the explorers had adapted to, so they died)

who were 4 missionaries from the new world?

- bartolomé de las casas
- st. peter claver
- st. martin de porres
- fr. jacques marquette

who were 3 missionaries from the far east (chinese area)?

- st. francis xaviar
- matteo ricci
- robert de nobili

what were 3 missionaries from the new world?

- tertullian, st. perpetua, and st. felicity

- st. francis xavier

where was the Franciscan missionary established?

mexico and the southwestern U.S.

what did the franciscan missions set up?

european organizational structures

what did the franciscan missions expect from the native people?

for them to adapt to european language and culture

how did the franciscan missions acquire converts?

forcefully and they were very strict with them

(they didn't stay converted as long)

where were the jesuit missions established?

in the Northeast, great lakes, and Mississippi River regions

what did the jesuit missions do when they first came to the new land?

they adapted to the culture and language of the Huron/native people

did the fransiscan or jesuit missions have more responsive people?

jesuit

how did the jesuit's approach to conversion of people have an impact on the longevity of converts?

since jesuits adapted with society, they got less converts because they weren't as forceful/strict --> this resulted in converts staying longer because they could choose what they wanted

which religious order later copied Ricci's practices?

jesuits

what did the emperor issue in response to 150,000 chinese people getting baptized in 1650?

an edict that allowed the TOLERATION of Christianity

what was eventually banned even though the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith had previously endorsed it?

chinese language mass

what were the native people told to do when chinese language mass was banned?

told they should adopt western customs

why were missionaries and christianity expelled and banned from China?

because the emperor thought this might subject the chinese to western rule

what happened to the chinese christians who continued their faith after the emperor expelled and banned christianity?

they were executed

what is the "catholic" church today in china?

Chinese Catholic Patriot Association

(CCPA)

why is the CCPA not considered Catholic by the Catholic faith?

because this organization doesn't recognize the pope's primacy

what does the CCPA do?

controls the liturgical services and state-approved churches

8 million people in china started worshiping in secret in part of the underground Church. why did they do this?

because they are loyal to the pope and fear persecution

what is the only official catholic church in shanghai?

st. peter's catholic church

who had mainly wiped out Christianity in africa around the 7-8th centuries?

muslims

who brought the Gospel to coastal regions during the 15th and 16th centuries in africa?

portugese

when did the rate of christianity start to skyrocket in africa?

around the 19th century

(1800s)

how much has african population of catholics grown since 1980?

238%

(tripled)

what did indigenous born, seminomadic people call st. juan diego?

chichimeca

who baptized st. juan diego?

the fransicans

whose feast day is very close to st. juan diego's?

our lady of guadalupe

(his: 12/9 -- hers: 12/12)

where is the basilica of our lady of guadalupe?

mexico city

what did our lady of guadalupe's appearance look like in her 3rd vision to st. juan diego?

mestizo --> had european + native features

(she was also pregnant)

why is 85% of mexico catholic?

(regarding st. juan diego)

because of the tilma and his 3rd vision from our lady of guadelupe

where did st. peter claver live most of his adult life?

in columbia

what was happening in columbia at the time of st. peter claver's adult life?

the heart of the slave trade

what did st. peter claver dedicate himself to? what did he defend? what did he preach?

dedicate: the caring of the enslaved

defend: rights of slaves

preach: charity

who was st. martin porres?

a lay member of the dominican order who dedicated his life to the care of the poor, mistreated, and enslaved

(he couldn't be an ordained member because of his mixed race)

who is the patron of peru?

st. martin porres

what did st. rose of lima bring to many?

christianity

what did st. rose of lima dedicate herself to?

fasting and prayer

st. rose of lima was very pretty and had many suitors, so why didn't she marry any of them?

because she wanted to remain a virgin

(she understood a higher calling)

what order was st. rose of lima a part of?

the 3rd order of dominicans

who is the patroness of peru?

st. rose of lima

what countries did st. francis xavier find missions in?

- india
- indonesia
- japan

where did matteo ricci find missions?

china

where did robert de nobili find missions in?

india

what did jesuit missionaries try to adapt to?

eastern cultures

what did st. francis xavier teach the locals in india?

- the 10 Commanments

- the Lord's Prayer

- the Hail Mary

what happened as a result of st. francis xavier spreading the gospel?

thousands were baptized and converted

where did st. francis xavier baptize many of the locals?

on the island of ceylon OR sri lanka

where was st. francis xavier asked to bring his faith to?

japan

how long was the Catholic faith practiced in secret in China during the time of persecution?

over 200 years

which mission was responsible for all of the loyal japanese catholics?

jesuits

(concerned with quality)

what did matteo ricci practice in society? why?

enculturation -- to obtain his goal of introducing Catholicism

how did matteo ricci appeal to scholars?

by using his knowledge of astronomy

how did matteo ricci get close with chinese society?

- adopted their language and dress

- respected chinese civilization and tradition

- showed how Christianity could be implemented

matteo ricci was the first westerner to do what in chinese culture?

to be invited to the imperial court

what were robert de nobili's christian concepts supposed to mesh with?

indian society

what did the work of nobili enable the native Indian population to see?

that they could not only convert, but also become priests

what did robert de nobili use a lot?

enculturation

what is the major religion in India?

hindu

why did the conquistadors want the missionaries to come with them on their journeys?

1. because spain was a catholic country

2. they thought if the natives were Catholic, they would be more compliant

what did the missionaries help the natives preserve in the face of conquistadors?

human dignity

what was the purpose of north america?

to "civilize" the native populations

**agriculture
**western learning a language

what type of communities were the missions in north america?

self-sustaining

if the natives got baptized in north america, what restraints were put on them?

they typically weren't allowed to leave the area

what started to die as explorers came to north america?

the culture and tradition of the native people

how many missions was st. augustine in charge of in florida?

21

who massacred the missionaries in florida?

seminoles

were there any missionaries that left florida?

no

where were the fransican missions centered in the u.s.?

in the southwest

(texas and new mexico)

how many missions were centered in new mexico?

40

the franciscan missions came on a decline by the 1700s in the southwest. by 1800, they were completely gone

ok

where did the fransiscans first arrive for their french missions?

canada

who martyred many of the jesuits in canada?

the iroquois

where did the Jesuits settle in canada in 1636?

toronto

where did the jesuits first go when they came to settle in canada?

quebec

who was appointed the head of the Franciscans in california?

st. junipero serra

which missions did st. junipero serra lead?

the founding of the mission San Diego de Alcalá, mission San Luis Obispo, mission San Capistrano, + 6 more

how many mission were held in california in 1784?

21