treatments (oncology)

brachytherapy aka (2)

internal radiation therapy

short distance therapy

what’s it called when two different kinds of treatments occur at the same time

concomitant or concurrent

what’s it called when one treatment option follows another treatment

sequential

what’s it called when a treatment is given in addition to the primary treatment

adjuvant

what cancer treatment uses the body’s defense system to fight cancerous tumors

immunotherapy

what planning uses beam parameters and modifiers are added to the treatment plan first and then the dose distribution is reviewed

forward planning

what modality uses forward planning?

3-D

what technique is used when field is treated, beam pauses, MLCs reshape, beam turns back on

field in field technique

treatment that includes rotation of gantry with stationary MLCs

non volumetric arc therapy

which therapy is best for small, deep seated tumors and tumors that are not near OARs

non volumetric arc therapy

creates a non uniform radiation beam in order to optimize the dose to the tumor while minimizing the dose to organs at risk near the tumor

imrt

creates a non uniform radiation beam in order to optimize the dose to the tumor while minimizing the dose to organs at risk near the tumor

IMRT

IMRT uses what planning

inverse planning

when maximum dose to the tumor and maximum dose to organs at risk are defined first

inverse planning

radiation is delivered while the gantry is moving in an arc from one set point to another

VMAT

for SRS, two more volumes are typically ? cm across or less

3

KV OR MV

has better contrast and better detailed

better soft tissue contrast

and which one has less contrast and fewer imaging artifacts with metallic objects

and which delivers more dose to the patient

KV

KV

MV

MV

what is it called when the 3-D images from the CBCT can be compared with original 3-D images from the time of the CT simulation?

Image registration

what films are created from MV photons, and images are less clear due to what?

portal imaging

High rate of Compton scatter

lasers are checked daily and have a tolerance of how many millimeters?

2

abdominal compression reduces tumor motion in what direction?

superior and inferior direction

primary or secondary

These collimators are movable and can create an a symmetric rectangle field

Secondary

collimator are typically made of what?

Tungsten

less than what percent of the beam is allowed to be transmitted through the collimator jaws?

.5%

why do we use cones for electron?

Because electron scatter easily in the air

The ODI has ?mm tolerance and is checked daily before treatment treatments

2

Collimator angles are typically reversed for what type of fields

Parallel opposed fields

QA test on field light is done how often

Monthly

Field light has how much of tolerance

2mm

compensators are meant to create what

homogeneous isodose distribution within the pateint

what compensator makes up for a slopping skin surface and creates a more homogeneous dose distribution

missing tissue compensator

what compensator makes up for missing tissue and inhomogeneities in the patients anatomy

dose compensator

compensators for photon therapy at least how many cm from the patients skin to reduce scatter to the skins surface and therefore maintaining skin sparing

20 cm

The thickness of cerroband blocks ranges from ?-?

6-8 cm

cerroband blocks should be approximately how much thicker than lead blocks to compensate for the difference in density

1.21x thicker

leaf width varies from ?-? cm

0.4-2.0cm

allowable transmission through the MLC is less than what percent

2%

dynamic MLC is also known as what

Sliding window

what does beam spoiler do to the dose to the skin and penetration of the beam?

Being spoiler increases dose to skin without decreasing the penetration of the beam

Who is responsible for documenting equipment malfunction?

radiation oncologist and physicist, but physicist is primarily responsible for documenting

is the malfunction leads to a misadministration of radiation, Who must it be reported by?

Guidelines of the state Or

And RC

is the equipment month function causes a severe injury or death it must be reported to who

The US food drug administration per the medical device reporting act