disability movement and chicano movement

Hispanic

refers to someone with ancestry from a predominately Spanish-speaking country

Latino/a/x

refers to someone from, or with ancestry from, somewhere in Latin America

Chicano/a/x

refers to someone with a Mexican-American identity that is neither fully Mexican nor American

Aztlàn

The mythical homeland of the Aztec people in Mexico,
Powerful symbol during Chicano Movement,
Used to show that Chicano folks had a claim to the land, and were not just "outsiders" or immigrants

United Farm Workers (UFW)

labor union under leadership of Cesar Chavez, Dolores Huerta, and Larry Itliong

Delano Grape Strike

Filipino and Mexican farm workers in CA strike for better working conditions
Featured many tactics from earlier Civil Rights Movement
Boycotts, marches, sit-ins, etc.
Successful in winning protections for tens of thousands of laborers

East LA walkouts

Chicano high school students organize school walkout
Demanded better facilities, better representation, and bilingual classes
Eastside 13 face charges of up to 66 years(!) in prison and put on F.B.I. most-wanted list
Some, but not all, demands will be met
More bilingual education, Chicano Studies programs begin

Brown Berets

a Chicano group similar to the Black Panthers

Chicano moratorium

Chicano-led effort to oppose Vietnam War
Mexican-Americans dying at disproportionate rates
Led to a number of protests - over 30,000 protest in East L.A. in 1970 event that was met by police brutality

Chicano Park

Mexican neighborhood Barrio Logan in SD decimated by highways in 60s
City of SD promised community a park in return
City goes back on promise, begins building CHP station
Community occupies land for 12 days and begins building park on their own
Murals go up to celebrate Chicano heritage

The "lemon grove incident"

Mexican-American students forced to attend separate school in Lemon Grove, CA
Community organizes and sues claiming 14th Amendment discrimination
State court rules to integrate school - but only because Mexican-Americans were "white"
First legal integration of schools in US history!

"medical model" of disability vs "social model" of disability

1. Individual people had "problems" that needed to be "fixed" or addressed if possible
2. "Problem" isn't with people who have disabilities. Problem is that society cannot make space for them.

Ed Roberts

unsuccessfully sues UC Berkeley after he is denied admission due to being in wheelchair (1962), Helps launch Independent Living Movement

Judy Heumann

sues state of NY after being denied teaching license because wheelchair is a "fire hazard" (1970). She will go on to become "face" of movement, Founds Disabled in Action (DIA)

Section 504 of Rehabilitation Act of 1973

prohibits discrimination in any institution receiving federal funding, Regulations are basically ignored by Joseph Califano of HEW

504 Sit-ins (1977)

Organized by DIA, over 100 protestors occupy HEW building in SF for 25 days, Longest occupation of federal building in US history, Califano relents and agrees to enforce 504

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) passed in 1990

Prohibits discrimination in any "public accommodation"
Guarantees civil rights for people w/ disabilities on same level as race, sex, religion, etc.