Social 20-1 | Final Exam Review

Review for Social 20-1 Final Exam.

What is a nation?

Focuses around people or race and is different than a country or nation-state. Found in the feelings and minds of people, an internal connection to others.

What is collective identity?

A sense of belonging with others based around similarities like language, religion, ethnicity.

What is a Linguistic Nation?

Help influence how people view the world around them by allowing them to make connection when it comes to sharing ideas, knowledge, and wisdom.

What is a Ethnic Nation?

People sharing that same racial, cultural, and linguistic characteristics; developing a sense of pride and loyalty to their heritage.

What is a Cultural Nation?

The way of life that people share inspire a sense of nation and shape one's identity.

What is a Religious Nation?

Based around the understanding of one’s place in the world and ideas about how the group should live.

What is a Spiritual Nation?

A shared set of beliefs and traditions associated to the land or specific place.

What is a Geographic & Land Nation?

Physical landscapes (oceans, mountains, deserts) often become barriers that force people to develop a sense of connectedness through different languages, cultures, and religious beliefs.

What is self-determination?

Refers to the desire to have power to control one’s affairs. Nations often desire, and have, this power.

What is sovereignty?

Refers to the political authority to control one’s own affairs.

What is a Nation-State?

A territory with internationally recognized boundaries (boarders) and a politically organized group of government.They are sovereign because they are recognized by other nation states.

What was the Fiji Situation?

Conflict over rights as the Ethnic Fijians wanted to expand their rights and suppress India-Fijian rights, resulting in a political crisis.

What was the Tibetan Situation?

Originally an independent country, being linguistically, ethnically, culturally, and religiously distinct distinct from the Chinese. Chinese suppressed Tibet’s Buddhist religion and destroyed places of worship, resulting in thousands killed.

What is a civic nation?

Combines the key elements of citizens’ beliefs and values. When citizens choose to live according to these shared values, they create a civic nation.

What is Nationalism?

A shared sense of belonging, or a shared consciousness of collective identity. Can arise when a nation or society feels threatened by, or threatens an outside group or state.

What is the Charter of Rights and Freedoms?

Formulates our laws for Canadian Society. Ensure values and beliefs of Canadians are preserved and protected.

What is Civic Nationalism?

When individuals abide by shared laws and live together peacefully. Envisions the nation as equal citizens, united together with shared political practices and values. (Inclusive)

What is Ethnic Nationalism?

The idea that those who share a common ethnicity, culture, and language should form a separate nation-state.

What is a National Identity?

A collective identity where mass amounts of people identify with the same beliefs and values as well as internalized national symbols.

What is the Canadian Identity?

A pluralistic society meaning many different cultural and ethnic groups within one country. People identify as not only apart of the country, but other identities as well including ethnic, cultural, or religious.

What is the Official Languages Act?

Passed in 1969, made Canada an officially bilingual nation; French and English.

What is the Multiculturalism Policy?

Passed in 1971, promoted pluralism and tolerance for different cultures, ethnicities, and regions in Canada.

What is symbolism?

Recognized objects that bring forth a sense of belonging and sameness with other Canadians. (like the maple leaf)

What is mythology?

Involves stories of a nation or state’s history with a sense of bravery or greatness. These stories are passed down through generations to stimulate a sense of connectedness to a country or nation.

What is an institution?

Influence the international community on how they see a nation. An example is the CBC in both French and English, to Canadians about domestic and foreign affairs issues through the radio, TV, Internet.

What are Government Programs and Initiatives?

Organizations like the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunication Commission (CRTC), National Film Board (NFB), and Telefilm Canada that promote and fund Canadian media.

What is the motto of the French Revolution?

Liberty, equality, and brotherhood

What were the factors that influenced the revolution?

Social, geographic, economic, historic, and political factors

How was France divided, based on birth?

The Estates of the Ancen Regime

The \___________ had it's powers limited by parliament.

monarchy

The First Estate was the…

Roman Catholic Clergy

The Second Estate was the…

Nobility

The Third Estate was the…

Commoners (peasants, merchants, artisans, labourers)

How did the Geographic Factor play a role in the French Revolution?

Food and supply shortages caused drastic increase in food prices (winter brought extreme cold, spring brought floods, summer brought droughts).

How did the Economic Factor play a role in the French Revolution?

France supported the Americans during their battle for independence, which meant France raised the taxes of the common people to make up for the shortage.

How did the Historical Factor play a role in the French Revolution?

The king of France held prisoners who spoke against him; inspiring others to take up arms in the revolution. This became the defining moment of their history as a nation.

How did the Political Factor play a role in the French Revolution?

Created a new constitution titled the Declaration of Rights of the Man and of the Citizens, which created equality among citizens.

What was the Tennis Court Oath?

Stated that the common people in the Third Estate were the only group that represented the nation.

Who did the common people execute?

King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

What was the Reign of Terror?

During 1973-1974, those who spoke out against the revolution were arrested and executed; characterizing the chaotic nature of the revolution.

What were symbols of the French Revolution?

storming of Bastille, Marianne, and the Red, White, and Blue Cockade (badges)

French instituted principles of \_________ | \_________ | \_________ in 1789 as the foundation of their nation.

liberty | equality | brotherhood

19th Century France

Immigrant who came for work were discriminated against due to their religious views and their heritage.

20th Century France

Immigrants were welcomed into France during a labour shortage, however an energy crisis occurred and France closed its doors as jobs became hard to find. Muslims were blamed for threatening French national identity, and laws were put into place with a restriction on religious apparel in state schools.

21st Century France

More recently, the Syrian Civil War lead to the European Refugee Crisis resulting in many asylum seekers coming to France. There is fear that the French culture will be “watered down” and there is an increase in violence.

What was the Boston Tea Party?

The defining moment for American nationalism.

Why did the Boston Tea Party occur?

Due to tax increases in the colonies, the British changed the way tea was taxed. As ships with tea reached the ports, colonists boarded the ships and dumped tea into the harbour as a sign of protest.

What wad the coercive act in response to dumping tea?

The British shut down part of Boston, made British officials immune to criminal prosecution, and made the colonists provide room and board for British soldiers.

What was the Canadian Pacific Railway?

Sir John A. McDonald’s dream of connecting Eastern Canada to Western Canada with an “iron” road.

Why was the CPR important?

It allowed for trade and travel across the country, created the prairie provinces, and would ensure that a desire of American expansion north would not occur.

Who was Sir John A. McDonald?

He was the first Canadian Prime Minister who was instrumental in creating the Dominion of Canada.

How was Canada a key part in Vimy Ridge during WWI?

Canadians fought valiantly to capture a ride where German forces were entrenched. This event is often regarded as the defining moment of Canadian Nationalism as Canadians built a reputation for bravery and resiliency.

How was Canada apart of Juno Beach in WWII?

Over 15 000 Canadian soldiers fought courageously during the savage fighting to secure the landing and eventually move inland to liberate France. Canadians suffered the most casualties of any British division, the D-Day victory helped turn the tide toward victory against the Nazi Germany.

How did Indigenous Assimilation occur?

Due to European immigration, the relationship between the gov’t and Indigenous groups was tense. The Canadian gov’t adopted a policy of assimilation where all Indigenous were to abandon their culture and become absorbed into Canadian culture.

What are the First Nation Treaties?

It was an agreement between First Nations and the Canadian gov’t. The First Nation people agreed to move onto reserve land in exchange for money, goods, and other terms. This has become a source of conflict between the two groups.

What was Treaty 7?

It was an Agreement between the Blackfoot Confederacy and the Canadian Government.

What was the Indian Act?

Passed in 1876, it allowed the gov’t to manage the affairs and lands of the Indigenous people. This act is often views as racist and detrimental to Indigenous culture.

Who was Duncan Campbell Scott?

The head of Indian Affairs, and viewed Indigenous a “problem”. He decided that assimilation of all ‘Indians‘ into Canadian culture was the only solution.

Who was responsible for mandatory residential schools?

Duncan Campbell Scott

What was the White Paper document?

It was created to solve the tension with the Indigenous people.

What was the Red Paper (Citizen’s Plus)?

It countered all the White Paper’s proposals. It convinced the gov’t to change its policies toward the Indigenous people and forced the Canadian gov’t to strengthen their relationship with the Indigenous.

Why did Inuit Assimilation occur?

This occurred because the gov’t wanted to help the Inuit people after animal populations declined. This was often regarded as a move to help the gov’t more than the Inuit.

Francophone people in Quebec have struggled to maintain their…

language, culture, and identity

What was the Quebec referendum?

Quebec’s desire for complete sovereignty (separation).

What does it mean to be a sovereignist?

An individual who supports the idea of Quebec becoming an independent nation-state.

What does it mean to be a federalist?

An individual who desire for Quebec to remain within Canada as a province.

What was Bill 101?

It was the Charter of the French Language, in an attempt to prevent further erosion of French national identity and affirm their language and culture.

How did Anglophones feel about Bill 101?

Many felt it violated Anglophones individual rights, and threatened Anglophones from educating their children in English.

What are loyalties?

They are a commitment, the act of sticking with a belief or value. They are both outward and inward forms of commitment.

What are nationalist loyalties?

a loyalty that is embedded with the idea of a nation (race, ethnicity, country)

What are non-nationalist loyalties?

a loyalty that is not embedded in a nation (family, friends, culture, religion).

What are contending loyalties and choices?

loyalties that compete and choosing between them can be difficult.

What does affirm mean?

to show you are committed to something.

First Nation Loyalties and Self-Determination

by reorganizing the National Indian Brotherhood into the Assembly of First Nations, the First Nation people affirmed their loyalty.

What is the Assembly of First Nations?

states that determination involves the right to determine political status and pursue economic, social, and cultural development.

Inuit Loyalties and Self-Determination

affirming a commitment to their traditional language and culture, and changing names of places like Frobisher Bay back to Iqaluit, the Inuit affirmed a returning back to their original Inuit names.

What is the Nunavut Land Claim Agreement?

Though Iqaluit was determined to be the capital, decisions are made by a consensus agreement. This also helped the Inuit make decisions about their land and resources, as well as permitted their education systems to promote their culture, tradition, and languages.

Métis Loyalties and Self-Determination

Formed the Métis National Council and the Métis people affirmed their loyalties. The MNC who represents the Métis, support the Metis being recognized as a distinct ethnicity from other Indigenous groups.

What is the Métis Nation of Alberta?

Acquired the Métis Population Betterment Act which created a legislated land base for Métis people. The act stated that Alberta government would own land given; however, the Métis would have a degree of self-government over the territory.

What is Cultural Pluralism?

Encourages groups of people to affirm and promote their unique cultural identity within Canada (multiculturalism).

What is Reasonable Accommodation?

Refers to Canadian institutions having to adapt religious and cultural minorities so long as they do not violate other’s rights and freedoms.

What is the Quebec Secularism Law (Bill 21)?

Passed in 2019, it prevents public employees (teachers, judges, government, lawyers, etc) from wearing unconcealed religious symbols in their workplaces.

What are Nationalist Loyalties in Conflict?

Not all loyalties are compatible with each other. Many different groups of people have different goals and aspirations which can cause conflict.

What was the Newfoundland Regiment?

fighting as a self-governing British dominion, as Newfoundland was not a part of Canada until 1949, suffered the “bloodiest day in Newfound history” at Beaumont-Hamel during the Battle of the Somme.

Quebec’s National Self-Determination and Referendum

the government' desired the French in Quebec to be regarded as a “distinct society” within the Canadian constitution due to linguistic and cultural differences. This led to a referendum, but the desire to be recognized as a “distinct” society was ultimately rejected by the gov’t.

Indigenous in Quebec

the desire for sovereignty infringes upon Indigenous desire for self-determination.

Reconciling Conflicting Nationalist Loyalties

an attempt at accepting the past or fixing a broken relationship.

Indigenous people and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

has granted Indigenous groups rights that are now guaranteed. The former Canadian policy of assimilation has been abandoned.

What was the Oka Crisis?

the plan to build a golf course on sacred Mohawk ground. They protested against this and violence resulted in a police officer being killed.

What is the Royal Commission on Aboriginal People?

The purpose of this commission was to discover the foundations for a fair and honourable relationship between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. The result of the commission was that the policy of assimilation was wrong and that Indigenous have the right to govern themselves.

What was the Statement of Reconciliation?

It was an official apology for Canada’s history of suppressing Indigenous culture, values, and weakening their culture.

What are Land Claims?

recognized that the major source of conflict was over disputed land. Indigenous people have become frustrated by the slow progress of negotiations with the Canadian gov’t.

What are Non-Nationalist Loyalties?

they are not embedded in the idea of a nation like the Calgary Stampeders. In times of conflict, non-nationalist loyalties become secondary to nationalist loyalties.

Nationalist and Non-Nationalist Loyalties

often, a non-nationalist loyalty can become a nationalist loyalty. For example, the Third Estate started as a class loyalty and then became a nationalist loyalty.

What is a Class Loyalty?

loyalty to people from a particular social sector.

What is a Cultural Loyalty?

loyalty to a way of life.

What is a Ideological Loyalty?

loyalty to shared ideas about how a society should run.

What is a Regional Loyalty?

loyalty to a region and the interests of people living there.

What is a Religious Loyalty?

loyalty to a religious society and its beliefs and values.

What is a Racial/Ethnic Loyalty?

loyalty to people of the same race or ethnic group.