CH 6: The Genetics of Bacteria and an Introduction to their Plasmids: Reduced

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What are prokaryotes and eukaryotes classified as?

1. cell types, differentiated by the presence or absence of a nucleus.

2. Prokaryotes have a nucleoid instead of a nucleus

What did Williams propose?

1. in 2019, Williams proposed a two-domain system: bacteria and eukarya. Eukaryotes arise from archaea and share similar proteins, making them different from bacteria.

What does a nucleoid have in common with a nucleus?

1. contain genome as dna: prokaryotes have one single, circular chromosome while eukaryotes have many linear chromosomes.

2. contain a unique gel matrix

3. undergo dna synthesis

4. both have an origin of replication

What is unique about eukaryotes?

1. nuclear membrane offers more protection to DNA

2. Nucleolus contains rNA to make ribosomal subunits

key differences between prokaryotes and eukaeyotes

1. pro = anucleate, euk = uncleate ± other organelles

2. pro = unicellular, euk = uni or multicellular

3. pro = simple small cells, euk = complex, bigger cells

4. pro = circular genome, euk = linear genone

5. pro = 70S ribosome, euk = 80s ribosomes

6. pro = asexual, euk = both

7. pro = binary fission, euk = mitosis and meiosis

8. pro - hap, euk = dip

9. pro - TRANSCRIBE AND TRANSLATE, pro = temporal separation of transcript and translation

10. pro = cell wall, euk = no cell wall

11. pro - have plasmids, euk = does not

12. pro = rarely has introns, euk = always does

13. pro = has operons, euk = rarely

What is a pilus? (pili)

thick filament for attachment

what is a flagellum?

allows movement

what is a nucleoid?

1. contains circular chromosome, no nuclear membrane

What is a plasmid?

extrachromosomal dna loop, not found in the nucleoid.