lab

In negative staining, what is safranin?

Used to stain the cell but capsule stays clear

In negative staining, what is stained?

The background is stained a dark color

What inks are used in negative staining

Nigrosin and India ink

What is used to stain endospores

Steam and time

What bacteria make endospores

Bacillus and clostridium

How do you destroy spores

Autoclaving, 121 Celsius for 15 to 20 minutes

Primary stain for endospores

Malachite green

How long to stain steam into endospores

12 minutes

Counter stain and length for endospores

Safranin for 1 minute

Why is special staining needed for TB

Thick waxy outer covering of mycolic acid can’t be stained other ways

Staining for TB

Acid fast (ziehl neelson staining)

Counter stain for acid fast and how long

Methylene blue for 60 seconds

What is used to initially cover acid fast smear

Carbon fuchsin

What does acid alcohol due in an acid fast stain

Decolorize

What stain color is an acid fast negative bacteria

blue

What color stain is acid fast positive bacteria

Fuchsia

What does gram staining tell us

Cell morphology of bacteria like shape, arrangement, and size

Whether or not the bacteria is gram positive or negative

What determines the difference in staining when using gram staining

Thickness of peptidoglycan layer

Gram positive has a … peptidoglycan layer

Thick

Gram negative has a … peptidoglycan layer

Thin

What is the crystal violet

Primary stain in gram stain procedure

What is mordant

Grams iodine, second stain in gram staining procedure

What is the counter stain or secondary stain in gram staining

Safranin

Why do we stain cells

To see cells and their morphology that normally are not visible when using a microscope under unstained conditions

Name all staining techniques

Simple, Negative, gram, acid fast, special

What charge is the outside of the cell

Negative

What charge does a basic stain have

Positive

Stain used in simple staining

Methylene blue

Why do we heat fix

To make sure bacteria is killed and fixed to the slide

What is a bright field microscope

Light microscope that produces a dark image against brighter background

Compound meaning

Microscope having 2 sets of lenses, oculars and objectives

Binocular meaning

Having 2 oculars

Lens closer to eyes

Ocular lenses

Lens closer to object

Objective lenses

Total magnification =

Power of the ocular x power of the objective

Scanning objective lens TM and band color

40xTM

Red

Low power objective lens TM and band color

100xTM

Yellow

High dry objective lens TM and band color

400xTM

Blue

Oil immersion objective lens TM and band color

1000xTM

Black and white

As magnification increases…..

Field of view decreases

Parcentral imagining

if the object you are viewing is in the

center of your field of view, then it will remain in the center

of field of view under higher magnification.

Parfocal imaging

if the object you are viewing is in focus

at lower magnification, then when you switch to higher

magnification, you should only have to minimally adjust the

magnification to bring the object back into focus.

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

2D image

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

3D image

Microbiology is

The study of organisms that can only be seen well with a microscope

What does glo-germ do

Simulate bacteria

How long do you wash hands for

20 sec