Individual V Collective rights

Who do individual rights belong to?

a person regardless of personal characteristics

Who do collective rights belong to?

A specific group- may share characteristics such as gay rights, workers rights etc

What are often sacrificed for collective rights?

Individual rights

What are 5 key individual rights?

1. Right to freedom of expression

2. Right to Privacy

3. Right to demonstrate

4. Right to strike

5. Rights protection through legislation

What did the collation scrap in 2010, protecting individual rights?

Scrapped plans for compulsory ID cards

In 2011 what did the coalition state DNA bases must do?

Must destroy finger prints if those not convicted

What piece of legislation has protected individual rights?

HRA 1998

What laws does the UK have that restrict freedom of expression?

Restrictive liable laws- if we say something untrue we can be sued for liable- parliamentary privilege- politicians in Westminster cannot

What has led to the increase use of curtailing rights ?

The need for national security

What has the government pressured WhatsApp to do?

allows police to access cryptic messages

What did the investigatory powers act 2016 allow police to do?

Access personal data of devices

How did the CoronaVirus Act infringe on individual rights?

gave police unprecedented rights to break up demonstrations - eg Sarah Everard vigil broken up by police

What two pieces of legislation were introduced to limit the right to protest ?

1. Police Crime and Sentencing Act 2022

2. Public order Act (May 2023)

Which Act means that unions have to have a ballot vote in order to strike?

Trade Union Act 2016

What can gov do due to a lack of entrenched constitution ?

Scrap rights protected through legislation such as HRA

What is the government planning to replace HRA with?

Bill of rights-

In what way has the Freedom Of Information Act been narrowed/reduced in scope?

Reduced the number of public bodies the public has access to such as royal correspondence

What should minorities be free from?

hate crime (collective rights)

What was the Scottish parliament the first in England to do?

Include Trans people in hate speech 2022

What has the government done to protect the community from terrorism?

• Extension of detention without trial

• Teaching of British values

• Increase in counter terrorism spending

• anti-terrorism laws

what does the 2022 policing act allow police to do?

Break up noisy protests- protects community right to be free from disturbance

Who has attacked the rights culture in England?

Anti-woke beliefs

what has not been counted as hate speech due to the conservatives ?

Misogyny

what was the consequence of internment without trial in Ireland in the 1970s?

increased community tension and terrorism

Who’s rights are infringed on by the right of community to be free from inconveniences from strikes/demonstrations ?

The rights of employees are infringed over rights of employers

What collective right is in conflict with the individual right of freedom of expression?

right to be free from hate speech

What collective right is in conflict with the right to privacy?

Right for the community to be safe from terrorism

What collective right is in conflict with the individual right to demonstrate ?

rights of a community to be free from disturbance

What collective right is in conflict with the individual right to strike ?

Community expecting good public services

What did the 2018 Asher’s Bakery Case uphold?

Upheld Individual right of freedom of conscience- baker did not have to make cake with “support gay marriage” on- however affected collective right of LGBTQ to have same access to public services

What is the balance between individual/collective rights dependent on?

1. Circumstances (Covid/terrorism)

2. The party in power

What did the May 2023 Public Order Act give the police the right to do?

gave police greater powers to crack down on protest tactics such as those being used by climate protestors.