Topic 5 Earth's Surface Systems

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27 Terms

1

uniformitarian

A geologic principle that the same geologic processes that operate today operated in the past to change Earth's surface

<p>A geologic principle that the same geologic processes that operate today operated in the past to change Earth's surface</p>
2

erosion

The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil

<p>The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil</p>
3

mechanical weathering

The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.

<p>The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.</p>
4

chemical weathering

The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.

<p>The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.</p>
5

soil

The loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow.

<p>The loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow.</p>
6

humus

Dark colored organic material in soil

<p>Dark colored organic material in soil</p>
7

sediment

Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or the remains of organisms; earth material deposited by erosion.

<p>Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or the remains of organisms; earth material deposited by erosion.</p>
8

deposition

Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations.

<p>Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations.</p>
9

mass movement

Any one of several processes by which gravity moves sediment downhill

<p>Any one of several processes by which gravity moves sediment downhill</p>
10

deflation

The process by which wind removes surface materials.

<p>The process by which wind removes surface materials.</p>
11

sand dune

A deposit of wind blown sand.

<p>A deposit of wind blown sand.</p>
12

loess

A wind-formed deposit made by fine particles of clay and silt.

13

runoff

Water that flows over the ground surface rather that soaking into the ground.

<p>Water that flows over the ground surface rather that soaking into the ground.</p>
14

stream

A channel through which water is continually flowing downhill.

<p>A channel through which water is continually flowing downhill.</p>
15

tributary

A stream or river that flows into a larger river.

<p>A stream or river that flows into a larger river.</p>
16

flood plain

The flat, wide area of land along a river.

<p>The flat, wide area of land along a river.</p>
17

delta

A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake.

<p>A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake.</p>
18

alluvial fan

A wide sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range.

<p>A wide sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range.</p>
19

groundwater

Water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers.

<p>Water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers.</p>
20

valley glacier

a long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up in a mountain valley

<p>a long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up in a mountain valley</p>
21

longshore drift

the movement of water and sediment down a beach caused by waves coming in to shore at an angle

<p>the movement of water and sediment down a beach caused by waves coming in to shore at an angle</p>
22

glacier

any large mass of ice that moves slowly over land

<p>any large mass of ice that moves slowly over land</p>
23

continental glacier

a glacier that covers much of a continent or large island

<p>a glacier that covers much of a continent or large island</p>
24

plucking

the process by which a glacier picks up rocks as it flows over the land

<p>the process by which a glacier picks up rocks as it flows over the land</p>
25

till

the sediments deposited directly by a glacier

<p>the sediments deposited directly by a glacier</p>
26

gravity

Which factor causes glacial movement downhill?

<p>Which factor causes glacial movement downhill?</p>
27

barrier islands

Which of these landforms could protect communities living near beaches during a hurricane that caused big waves to hit the coast?

<p>Which of these landforms could protect communities living near beaches during a hurricane that caused big waves to hit the coast?</p>