Philosophy Chapter 1

Metaphysics is defined as the theory of

reality

Epistemology is defined as the theory of

knowledge

The original Greek meaning of the world "philosophy" is

the love of wisdom

The original Greek word that meant "Story" was

Myth

According to Plato, democracy means

ruled by the ignorant masses

The Greek term logos means

reason, rationality

Socrates claims that philosophy should be about

practical things; what's important; how to live the good life

Socrates and plato believe that wisdom is

knowledge of the good; if you know what the good is then you will be good

Socrates and Plato refer to philosophical conversation as---- or ---

dialectic, dialogue

Socrates and Plato believe that the first step towards knowledge is

to understand one's own lack of knowledge/ to accept one's own ignorance

Socrates and Plato believe that philosophers are

lovers of wisdom

According to Plato, the soul is the source of

reason, reason is the source of knowledge

Platos written accounts of Socrates' philosophical conversations are known as

Plato's Dialouge/ plato's dialogues

According to Plato, the body is the source of

irrationality/emotion; body prevents soul from being rational because it's hungry with jelousy, desires

Socrates and Plato define death as the

seperation of body and soul

Socrates and Plato claim that true wisdom is only possible after

seperation of the body and soul; death; soul is free from irrational distractions of body

Socrates claims that philosophers look forward to

death; seperation of body and soul

Another term for "forms" is

Essences

According to Plato, true knowledge comes from

reason

In Plato's Crito, Socrates anticipates the modern political theory known as

social contract theory

In Plato's Crito, Socrates claims that he will escape if

he can be given good reasons; he can be convinced that it's the right thing to do; he has accepted his fate

In Plato's Crito, Socrates has an imaginary conversation with

the laws of athens

In Plato's Crito, Crito claims that Socrates should escape because

1- friends cared more for their money than your life 2- duty to educate your sons

The author of the Apology is

Plato not Socrates

In Plato's Apology, Socrates claims that the real reason he is on trial is because

of his practice of philosophy

In Plato's Apology, Socrates claims that he is

on a mission from the gods/ following Apollo

In Plato's Apology, Socrates claims that

he is not guilty/ innocent

In Plato's Apology, Socrates was put on trial and charged with

corrupting youth and rejecting traditional religion

In Plato's Apology, Socrates claims that

he is trying to teach people to look after their soul and not their body

In Plato's Apology, Socrates compares himself to

a gadfly

In Plato's Apology, Socrates compares the people of Athens to

a lazy, sleeping horse

According to Plato, True reality is

the unseen essence of things, forms

Plato's big picture metaphysical theory is called

Theory of Forms

According to Plato, the soul is

eternal, the essence of a person, source of reason; non-physical

According to Plato, true knowledge is about

the forms/ essences themselves; understanding one's own lack of knowledge

According to Plato, forms are

the true reality, the essence of things/ perfect version/ unchanging/ eternal

Plato's theory of forms contrast forms with

particulars/ material things/ copies/

Plato's theory of soul body dualism is a version of

theory of forms

In the Allegory of the cave, the sun symbolizes the

form of the good/ the source of all reality and goodness

In the Allegory of the cave, the prisoners represent

ignorant ordinary people= most people

In the Allegory of the cave, people spend their time watching

shadows of objects casted onto the cave wall from a fire

In Plato's the allegory of the cave, everyday objects are compared to

shadows/ copies of forms

In Plato's the allegory of the cave, the source of all reality and goodness is

the form of the good

In Plato's the allegory of the cave, the people in the cave

are chained up prisoners; watch shadows on the wall; don't believe the escaped prisoner; live in ignorance

According to ---, there are no facts, only interpretations.

Nietzsche

According to Nietzsche, the Ubermensch

evolved form of human beings/superman, what humans should transition to be like/ has the courage to create new values to overcome nihilism

According to Nietzsche's Zarathustra, man is a rope stretched between

animal and superman/ ubermensch; crossing that rope is dangerous

According to Nietzsche's Zarathustra, --- is dead

God; rejects faith and science as a means to truth

According to class lectures, Nietzche claims that people who believe in soul body dualism are

not loyal to the earth; wrong

According to class lectures, Nietzsche rejects both faith and

reason

In the essay Nihilism, the two kinds of nihilism are called --- and ---

active- no values but rebels; and passive- no values and accepts that

According to Nietzsche, people who believe in soul body dualism are not

loyal to the earth; try to find values in the next world

According to Nietzsche, modern culture is no longer based on

god

According to Nietzsche, --- are not loyal to the earth

plato, christians, hindus- those who believe in soul-body dualism; believers in other worlds

According to Nietzsche, metaphysical dualism leads to

Nihilism- nothing is real

What is the result of the Athenians votes (Apology)?

the result is close on guilty/ not guilty but then he claims he is not guilty and doesn't apologize and instead wants to be put in a fancy hotel, he then gets less support

essence

the defining characteristic/ characteristics of something

In Plato's apology, Socrates claims that he is trying

to teach people to pursue wisdom

Plato's theory of knowledge

comes from the soul and soul is the source of reason

Plato's small picture theory

soul- body dualism

social contract theory

undermining laws that were grown up with; live in society and accept the safety and accept the protection, people have an obligation to obey the laws because they could leave but chose not to

Socrates claims that

the unexamined life is not worth living