Just war theory

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25 Terms

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what is the just war theory?

Just war theory is a theory which sets out criteria by which a war can be measured, to ascertain whether or not it is just/justified

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who developed the just war theory and then later who continued it?

First developed by St Augustine, and later more fully developed by St Thomas Aquinas

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What did Just War theory form in the modern day?

It formed the basis for modern international law about war and a ‘just war’ today is one that meets internationally-accepted criteria (laid out in the Geneva conventions 1949)

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What are the three sets of criteria within Modern Just War theory

Jus ad bellum

Jus in bello

Jus post bellum

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what does ‘jus ad bellum’ mean

Just conditions for going to war

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what does ‘jus in bello’ mean

just conduct in war

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what does ‘jus post bellum’ mean

just conduct after war

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What are the Discrimination terms for ‘Jus in bello’ (just conduct in war)

Combatants must distinguish between civilians + combatants and attacks must be directed only at military targets

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What are the ‘proportionality’ for ‘Jus in bello’ (just conduct in war)

The harm caused to civilians must not be excessive in relation to the military advantage gain

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What are the ‘Military necessity’ terms for ‘Jus in bello’ (just conduct in war)

Actions taken during Warfare should be necessary for achieving legitimate military objectives

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What are the ‘Fair treatment of prisoners of war’ terms for ‘Jus in bello’ (just conduct in war)

Captured combatants must be treated humanely and according to international law

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give me some examples of unjust war

  • all terrorist attacks: not authorised by a legitimate authority and civilians are harmed

  • (Arguably) Britian’s invasion of Iraq in 2003 there was no just cause, as there was no evidence of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)

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(Arguably) Examples of just war:

  • WW2: Just cause, legitimate authority etc.

  • Kosovo war, 1999 - just cause(the aim was to stop the ethnic cleansing of the Albanians by the Serbian force)

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What can be argued about the Kosovo war?

Widely considered as morally right as it was authorised by NATO but not by the UN security council

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What do some people argue about warfare

Some argue warfare has changed because of weapon development so it is impossible for war to be justified today

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Who takes that view?

Pope Francis takes this view in his encyclical Fratelli Tutti

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What did Pope Francis say in his encyclical Fratelli Tutti

“It is very difficult nowadays to invoke the rational criteria elaborated in earlier centuries to speak of the possibility of a ‘Just War! Never again War’

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What are the Just War theory terms

  1. Proper authority

  2. Just

  3. Establish Good

  4. Reasonable Chance of Success

  5. Last Resort

  6. Sufficient force

  7. Civilians

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Proper authority

war should be declared by a proper authority e.g. a government or king

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just

the war must be started for a good reason - e.g. self-defence, not because of greed, etc...

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establish good

the war must be fought to establish good, or fight evil

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reasonable chance of success

it should be possible to win the war

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last resort

it must be a last resort, when everything else has been tried, e.g. diplomacy

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sufficient force

the amount of force used must be only enough to succeed - no more

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civilians

no civilians should be involved and no deliberate unnecessary cruelty