Formative check Review

What are the two regions of an antibody?

Constant region-denotes the class of antibody(heavy chain) (heavy because it must stay constant-way to memorise)

Variable region-specific to an antigen(light chain)

How many classes of antibodies do humans have?

5

What are the classes of human antibodies?

• IgA-Mucus membranes, saliva, and tears

• IgD-Activates other immune cells such as basophiles 

• IgE-allergic reactions

• IgG-binds to antigen to flag for destruction, neonatal protection, most common Ig

• IgM-first to fight 

Way to remember-

ADEGM-apple day eat good morning

Apple-mucus,salvia,tears from not being sick

Day-going out needs other immune cells

Eat-eat something bad you get allergic reaction

Good-good antibodies bind to antigens

Morning- first that is ready to fight

What is ELISA?

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

What are the four steps of ELISA?

1.Patient sample/target/antigen

Rinse

2.Primary Ig

RInse

3.Secondary Ig with enzyme(catalyses the enzyme to get color change)

Rinse

4.Substrate- positive test will produce color change 

What is a false positive and false negative?

False Positive: Unbound or off-target detection antibodies remain trapped in the test well and trigger an unintended color reaction even when the target bacterial antigen is absent

False Negative: The test fails to generate a color signal because target antigens are either washed away, blocked from forming antibody sandwiches by extreme excess, or unable to activate the signaling enzyme.