Module 5: Historical Events Using Primary Sources: Philippine Political Caricature/Cory Aquino's Speech before the US Congress

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering Philippine political caricatures during the American era and the historical context of Corazon Aquino's 1986 speech.

Alfred McCoy

An American historian and educator born on June 8, 1945, known for his extensive research in Philippine and American archives.

Philippine Political Cartoons

Artistic works that gained full expression during the American era, recording national attitudes and changing mores.

Alfredo Roces

Co-author with Alfred McCoy of the book "Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era 1900-1941".

Dr. Santos

A politician from Tondo depicted in a May 20, 1910 cartoon attempting to pass his political 'crown' to his brother-in-law.

Dr. Barcelona

The brother-in-law of Dr. Santos who was depicted receiving a 'hereditary crown' in a 1910 political caricature.

Section 26, Article II

The specific provision of the 1987 Philippine Constitution that states the State shall prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law.

Political Dynasties

Family groups that dominate politics; a study showed 250 families have dominated Philippine politics at national and local levels.

EDSA I

The 1986 revolution after which $44\%$ of current political dynasties in the Philippines emerged.

Senate Bill 2730

The anti-political dynasty bill filed by Robin Padilla to provide an enabling law for the 1987 Constitution's provision.

War Against Speculator

A caricature drawn by Fernando Amorsolo depicting a child being pursued by police for stealing a chicken while 'great thieves' are ignored.

Fernando Amorsolo

The Filipino artist who drew the 'War Against Speculator' caricature.

Juan dela Cruz

A symbolic figure in Philippine cartoons, often shown wearing a salakot, representing the Filipino people.

Salakot

A traditional Filipino hat worn by the character Juan de la Cruz in political caricatures.

Amnesty International

The organization that released the report titled 'If You Are Poor, You Are Killed' regarding the Philippines' war on drugs.

Extrajudicial Executions

Killings carried out by the government without judicial proceedings, highlighted in reports about the Philippine drug war.

Narcotics Kingpins

High-level drug lords whose identities the public wanted President Duterte to reveal and charge in court.

Death Cars

A commentary published by the Philippines Free Press regarding fatal accidents involving taxis and colorum vehicles.

Colorum

A term used in the Philippines for illegal or unregistered public utility vehicles.

Philippines Free Press

The publication that printed the 'Death Cars' commentary on taxi accidents.

Flaming Youth

A caricature depicting an officer on a cinema screen forbidding 'necking' and 'love making' in the theater.

Necking

One of the activities, along with love making, that an officer in the 'Flaming Youth' cartoon prohibited inside theaters.

Recto

A location in Manila mentioned in a news report as a site for old cinemas used for 'malalaswang gawain' (obscene activities).

Uncle Sam

A symbolic figure representing the United States, often depicted in caricatures as a driver or patron of Filipino politicians.

Colonial Mentality

The perception of ethnic and cultural inferiority and a form of internalized racial oppression resulting from colonization.

El Turno Delos Partidos

A caricature published by Lipang Kalabaw in 1907 depicting Uncle Sam rationing oatmeal to Filipino politicians.

Lipang Kalabaw

The publication that featured 'El Turno Delos Partidos' on August 24, 1907.

Progresista Party

Formerly the Federalista Party, they were favored by the American colonial government for supporting statehood or annexation.

Federalista Party

The original name of the Progresista Party which supported annexation by the United States.

Nacionalista Party

The political group shown in the background of 'El Turno Delos Partidos' waiting for their turn to receive American patronage.

Political Patronage

The practice of allocating government jobs, resources, or favors to supporters in exchange for backing; also known as the spoils system.

Spoils System

Another term for political patronage that undermines meritocratic governance and public trust.

Meritocratic Governance

A system where progress is based on ability and talent, which is undermined by the practice of political patronage.

Corazon Aquino

Also known as Cory Aquino, she was the first female president in Philippine history and the 'Mother of Philippine Democracy'.

January 25, 1933

The birth date of Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino.

August 1, 2009

The date on which former President Corazon Aquino passed away.

1986 EDSA People Power Revolution

The major historical event where Corazon Aquino was the most prominent figure, leading to the deposition of Ferdinand Marcos.

Joint Session of the United States Congress

The venue where Corazon Aquino delivered a famous speech in September 1986 that received a standing ovation.

Ferdinand Marcos

The dictator who was deposed in February 1986 after an authoritarian regime.

Martial Law Years

The period of the authoritarian regime under President Ferdinand Marcos, Sr.

Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr.

The husband of Cory Aquino whose assassination on August 21, 1983, served as a background event to her presidency.

August 21, 1983

The date of the assassination of Benigno 'Ninoy' Aquino, Jr.

Snap Presidential Election

The election held on February 7, 1986, which preceded the EDSA People Power Revolution.

February 22-26, 1986

The specific dates during which the EDSA People Power Revolution took place.

Communist Insurgency

Described in Cory Aquino's speech as a product of a repressive and corrupt government that should be solved through peaceful means.

$$26\text{ billion}$$

The total amount of foreign debt incurred by the Marcos administration that Corazon Aquino pledged to honor.

"Other Slavery"

The term Corazon Aquino used in her speech to describe the massive foreign debt left by the previous administration.

President Ronald Reagan

The US President who met with Cory Aquino in 1986 to discuss cooperation and strengthening friendship.

Senator Paul Laxalt

The US Senator who, on behalf of President Reagan, advised Marcos to 'cut and cut cleanly'.

"Cut and cut cleanly"

The specific advice given to Ferdinand Marcos by the US to encourage him to leave office and avoid military confrontation.

Hawaii

The location where Ferdinand Marcos and his family fled after leaving the Philippines during the EDSA Revolt.

Manila

The city where a military confrontation between pro- and anti-Marcos troops was avoided in 1986.

Progresista Party Patronage

The specific group depicted in cartoons as being served first by Uncle Sam due to their pro-American stance.

Tondo

The district in Manila associated with the politician Dr. Santos in the 1910 caricature.

Internalized Racial Oppression

A component of colonial mentality defined as the perception of ethnic and cultural inferiority.

1900-1941

The specific years covering the 'American Era' political caricatures highlighted in McCoy's research.

June 8, 1945

The birth date of historian Alfred McCoy.

1987 Constitution

The supreme law of the Philippines ratified after the EDSA Revolt that called for an anti-political dynasty measure.

Teofisto Guingona Jr.

Former Vice President and author of an anti-political dynasty measure drafted shortly after the 1987 Constitution's ratification.

Porridge

Used in the cartoon 'El Turno Delos Partidos' to represent the patronage and political favors given by the United States.

Standing Ovation

The response Corazon Aquino received at the end of her 1986 speech before the US Congress.