Y3M2 Physiology Digestion

What process is described as a series of catabolic series?

a) peristalsis

b) absorption

c) digestion

d) segmentation

C

What process is described as end products by active or passive transport into the blood or lymph?

a) ingestion

b) defecation

c) absorption

d) digestion

C

What is not the function of the mucosa, the innermost layer?

a) secrete mucus, digestive enzymes and hormones

b) responsible for segmentation and peristalsis

c) absorb the end products of digestion into the blood

d) protect against infectious disease

B

What is not one of the 3 sublayers of the mucosa?

a) connective tissue

b) epithelium

c) lamina propria

d) muscular mucosae

A

Saliva contains all but...

a) IgA antibodies

b) lysozyme

c) bile

d) defensins

C

The stomach has 3 layers of muscular externa which direction is not located in the stomach?

a) longitudinal

b) circular

c) oblique

d) horizontal

D

Which cell secretes HCl acids to make the lumen acidic to make it optimal activity of pepsin?

a) mucous neck cells

b) parietal cells

c) chief cells

d) enteroendocrine cells

B

Which hormone is produced in the duodenal mucosa, which targets the liver to increase bile output?

a) secretin

b) Histamine

c) serotonin

d) gastrin

A

which hormone is produced in the duodenal mucosa to target the pancreases to stimulates insulin release?

a) cholecystokinin

b) gastrin

c) motilin

d) somatostatin

A

What is not one of the 4 factors in the duodenum that cause it to inhibit gastric secretion?

a) presence of hypotonic chyme

b) distension or duodenum

c) presence of acidic

d) presence of fatty

A

The duodenum ___ acid secretion in the stomach by ___ reflexes through the enteric nervous system.

a) stimulates, long

b) stimulates, short

c) inhibits, short

d) inhibits, long

C

What anchors the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach?

a) falciform ligament

b) round ligament

c) greater omentum

d) lesser omentum

D

What does not have passage through the portages hepatis?

a) hepatic portal vein

b) hepatic artery proper

c) gall bladder

d) common hepatic duct

C

Where are bile salts reabsorbed into the blood by?

a) duodenal

b) ileum

c) descending colon

d) jejunum

B

True or false; too little cholesterol or too much bile salts allows the cholesterol to crystallize, forming gallstones which obstruct the flow of bile from the gallbladder.

False

what cells of the small intestine wall are mucus-secreting cells found in the epithelia of the villi and crypts?

a) enterocytes

b) goblet cells

c) enteroendocrine

d) panted cells

B

What cells of the small intestine are found deep in the crypts, are specialized secretory cells that fortify the small intestines's defences by releasing antimicrobial agents such as defensives and lysozyme?

a) goblet cells

b) stem cells

c) paneth cells

d) enteroendocrine

C

The peritoneal cavity

a) is the same thing as the abdominopelvic cavity

b) is filled with air

c) like the pleural and pericardial cavities is a potential space containing serous fluid

d) it contains the pancreas and all the duodenum

c

Obstruction of the hepatopancretic sphincter impairs digestion by reducing the availability of

a) bile and HCl

b) HCl and intestinal juice

c) pancreatic juice and intestinal juice

d) pancreatic juice and bile

d

The lamina propria forms part of the

a) muscular externa

b) submucosa

c) serosa

d) mucosa

d

Carbohydrates are acted on by

a) peptidases, trypsin and chymotrypsin

b) amylase, maltase, and sucrase

c) lipases

d) peptidases, lipases, and galactase

b

The parasympathetic nervous system influences digestion by

a) relaxing smooth muscles

b) stimulating peristalsis and secretory activity

c) constricting sphincters

d) none of these

b

The digestive juice product containing enzymes capable of digesting all 4 major foodstuff categories is

a) pancreatic

b) gastric

c) salivary

d) biliary

a

The vitamin associated with calcium absorption is

a) A

b) K

c) c

d) D

d

Someone has eaten a meal of buttered toast, cream and eggs. Which of the following would you expect to happen?

a) compared to the period shortly after the meal, gastric motility and secretion of HCl decrease when the food reaches the duodenum

b) gastric motility increases even as the person is chewing the food (before swallowing)

c) fat will be emulsified in the duodenum by the action of bile

d) all of these

d

The site of production of cholecystokinin is

a) the stomach

b) the small intestine

c) the pancreas

d) the large intestine

b

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the colon?

a) it contains abundant bacteria, some of which synthesize certain vitamins

b) it contains abundant bacteria, some of which synthesize certain vitamins

c) it is the main absorptive site

d) absorbs much of the water and salts remaining in the wastes

c

The gallbladder

a) produces bile

b) is attached to the pancease

c) stores and concentrates bile

d) produces secretin

c

The sphincter between the stomach and duodenum is

a) the pyloric sphincter

b) the gastroesophageal sphincter

c) the hepatopancreatic sphincter

d) ileocecal valve

a

The protein molecule will be digested by enzymes made by

a) the mouth, stomach and colon

b) the stomach, liver and small intestine

c) the small intestine, mouth, liver

d) the pancreas, stomach, and small intestine

d

The protein molecule must be digested before it can be transported to and utilized by the cells because

a) protein is only useful directly

b) protein has a low pH

c) proteins in the circulating blood produce an adverse osmotic pressure

d) the protein is too large to be readily reabsorbed

d

the products of protein digestion enter the blood stream lately through cells lining

a) stomach

b) small intestine

c) large intestine

d) the bile duct

b

Before the blood carrying the products of protein digestion reaches the heart, it first passes through capillary networks in

a) spleen

b) lungs

c) liver

d) brain

c

Having passed through regulatory organ selected above, the products of protein digestion are circulated throughout the body. They will enter individual body cells by

a) active transport

b) diffusion

c) osmosis

d) phagocytosis

a

true or false; the hepatic portal circulation is the venous portion of the splanchnic circulation.

True

What type of cells are located in the esophagus?

a) stratified squamous epithelium

b) stratified squamous endothelium

c) simple columnar epithelium

d) simple columnar endothelium

A

What is not part of the phases of gastric secretion?

a) cephalic

b) gastric

c) splenic

d) intestinal phase

C

What hormone causes the pancreatic acini to secrete digestive enzymes, stimulates the gall bladder to contract and relaxes the hepatopancreatic sphincter?

a) gastrin

b) secretin

c) histamine

d) CCK

D

What is not a change that initiates short reflexes?

a) pH

b) ascension

c) osmolarity

d) products of digestion

b

VIP, CCK, NO, GIP, secretin and progesterone are increased by all but one.

a) ACh

b) gastrin

c) epinephrine

d) motilin

C

What prevents back flow of digested fluids into the esophagus?

a) esophageal glands

b) esophageal sphincter

c) cardiac sphincter

d) pulmonary sphincter

C

What is released by enteroendocrine cells when acidic chyme enters SI causes release of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juices?

a) secretin

b) somatostatin

c) CCK

d) brush border enzymes

A