OTA 215: Ch. 22_Ortho. Considerations in Phys. Health and OT

Vocabulary flashcards covering spinal, hip, and knee orthopedic surgical considerations, weight-bearing precautions, and complications based on OTA215 Chapter 22.

Radiculopathy

Back pain/condition caused by compression of the nerve root in the foramina opening (from bone spurs, herniated or degenerated discs, arthritis, fractures, or facet joint problems).

Sciatica

Nerve pain traveling from the lower back down each leg.

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Arthritis of the spine that causes inflammation between the vertebrae and in the joints between the spine and pelvis.

Spinal Fusion

Surgery to join or fuse two or more vertebrae so there is no movement between them.

Laminectomy

Decompression surgery that enlarges the spinal canal to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.

Foraminotomy

Decompression surgery that is performed to enlarge the foramen.

Discectomy

Surgery to remove herniated disc material that is pressing on a nerve root or spinal cord.

Artificial Disc Replacement

A newer surgical procedure for relieving back pain in which an intervertebral disc is replaced with a mechanical device.

Kyphoplasty

A surgical procedure performed for compression fractures of the spine.

Thoracolumbar Sacral Orthosis (TLSO)

A common rigid brace used in spinal practice.

Spinal Precautions (No BLT's)

Post-surgical movement guidelines requiring no bending, no lifting, and no twisting.

Log-roll Technique

A technique taught to clients to safely perform bed mobility while maintaining proper alignment.

Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)

Surgical procedure often used to repair a hip fracture where the fracture is reduced (put back in place) and an internal fixation device is placed on the bone to hold it together.

Total Hip Replacement (THR)

Surgery involving the removal of the entire hip joint and replacing it with an artificial joint (prosthesis); also known as total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Hemiarthroplasty

A surgical procedure similar to a THR, but only involves replacing half of the hip (the ball portion, not the socket).

Revision Surgery

Surgery performed to repair an artificial hip joint that has been damaged due to an infection.

Posterior Hip Precautions

Movement restrictions including no hip flexion (bending) greater than $90^\circ$, no internal rotation (do not turn leg inward), and no hip adduction beyond neutral (do not cross legs).

Anterior Hip Precautions

Movement restrictions including no hip extension and no external rotation beyond neutral.

Non-Weight Bearing (NWB)

Weight bearing parameter allowing $0\%$ weight; the leg must not touch the floor and is not supposed to support any weight at all.

Toe-Touch Weight Bearing (TTWB)

Weight bearing parameter where the foot or toes may touch the floor for balance, but may not support any weight.

Partial Weight Bearing (PWB)

Weight bearing parameter where $1\%$ to $50\%$ of weight may be supported by the operated leg, depending on surgeon orders.

Weight Bearing as Tolerated (WBAT)

Weight bearing parameter where $50\%$ to $100\%$ of weight is supported, and the client chooses how much weight to bear on their legs.

Total Knee Replacement (TKR)

Surgical procedure where the surgeon removes damaged cartilage and bone and reshapes the bony surfaces to fit the prosthesis; also known as total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) Device

A physical therapy device used to gain maximum knee range of motion by moving the joint at a specified speed and range.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

A post-surgical complication that occurs when a blood clot forms in the large veins of the body, which can cause a pulmonary embolism if it comes loose.

Non-Weight Bearing (NWB) weight percentage

$0\%$ weight permitted on the operated leg.

Ground contact rule for Non-Weight Bearing (NWB)

The operated leg must not touch the floor at all.

Primary purpose of foot contact in Toe-Touch Weight Bearing (TTWB)

To maintain balance without supporting body weight.

Partial Weight Bearing (PWB) percentage range

$1\%$ to $50\%$ of weight supported by the operated leg.

Weight Bearing as Tolerated (WBAT) percentage range

$50\%$ to $100\%$ of weight supported by the operated leg.

Full Weight Bearing (FWB) percentage parameter

$100\%$ of body weight supported.

Weight bearing status permitting foot placement solely for balance

Toe-Touch Weight Bearing (TTWB).

Factor determining exact weight borne during WBAT

Client choice based on comfort and tolerance.

Authority that specifies the specific weight percentage within PWB

Surgeon orders.

OT intervention focus for weight-bearing precautions

Teaching clients to incorporate weight-bearing precautions, adaptive techniques, and safety into daily activities.

Mnemonic for post-surgical spinal movement restrictions

No BLT's (No Bending, No Lifting, No Twisting).

Primary clinical purpose of a Thoracolumbar Sacral Orthosis (TLSO)

Serves as a rigid brace used to immobilize and support the spine post-surgery.

Surgical intervention indicated specifically for spinal compression fractures

Kyphoplasty.

Spinal decompression surgery that enlarges the spinal canal to relieve pressure

Laminectomy.

Spinal decompression surgery performed to enlarge the foramen

Foraminotomy.

Surgical removal of herniated intervertebral disc material pressing on a nerve root

Discectomy.

Standard duration for maintaining hip precautions following surgery

The first $3$ months.

Anatomic location of an anterolateral surgical approach to the hip

Midway between the front and the side of the hip.

Surgical procedure where a fracture is reduced and hardware is applied to stabilize the bone

Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF).

Joint replacement procedure that replaces only the ball portion of the hip joint

Hemiarthroplasty.

Life-threatening complication resulting from a dislodged Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Pulmonary embolism.

Primary focus of Physical Therapy following Total Knee Replacement (TKR)

Gaining maximum knee range of motion (ROM).

Arthritic spine condition causing inflammation between vertebrae and pelvic joints

Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Bed mobility method used to maintain spinal alignment and prevent twisting

Log-roll technique.

General orthopedic concerns to address during OT intervention alongside physical precautions

Safety, fall prevention, debility, pain management, cognition, psychosocial impact, and sexual activity.