motivation

What is motivation?

it is processes that are influenced by direction, perspective, and vigour.

What are various perspective on motivation?

Instinct theory - This has little support and simple explanation, circular reasoning problems, and heredity partly accounts for motivational differences among the people

Drive theory - These are physiological disruptions to homeostasis that produce drives to behave a certain way and pushes the organism into action

Incentives - These are when a stimuli pull an organism toward a goal

Expectancy - The expectancy x Value theory is determined by the strength of expectation that behaviour will lead to a goal. Its the incentive value a person places on a goal.

Psychodynamic view - This is unconscious motives that affect how we behave.

Humanistic view - This is the strive for personal growth

What is the need hierarchy?

It is a pyramid that has all out needs to grow. The bottom is deficiency needs. these are for physical and social survival. These are physiological needs, safety needs, love needs, and esteem needs. then we have human growth needs. these are to develop our potential and have cognitive needs and aesthetic needs. The top of the list is self actualization.

What is the physiology of hunger?

This is a homeostatic mechanism to help regulate your eating. eating isnt always linked to immediate energy.

What is set point theory?

This is a biologically determined standard around which fat mass is regulated.

What are signals that start a meal?

Decline in blood glucose levels, liver convwets stored netrients into glucose, and blood glucose levels rise

What are signals meaning to end a meal?

Stomach and instestinal distention, andCCK as well as other peptides relead by small intestine into bloodstream, which travels to the brain

What are signals that regulate appetite and weight?

Leptin - Hormone is secreted by fat cells and signals the brain to decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure

What are some brain mechanisms?

Lateral Hypothalamus - this may be involved in stimulating eating

Ventromedical Hypothalamus - This may influence stopping eating

Paraventricular nucleus - These are various neurotransmitter

What is achievement motivation?

This the motivation to achieve. this can be need for achievement, which is the desire for accomplisment and exelleence.

Whyt are people motivated to succeed?

Motive for success - These people have intrinicc motication and a desire to master task and learn more

fear of failure - Theya void negative judgement and desire to be favoured by others

What are hugh need achievers?

They are ambities, persist longer at difficult tasska and perform best when conditions are challenging.

What are the key motives in a workplave?

Personal accomplisment, mastery and growth, and satisfyling interpersonal relationships.

What are the types of conflicts?

Approach - Approach Conflict - These people want both options and areattracgted them both. when one goal is approached, tghe desirability increases

Avoidance Avoidance conflict - They dont want either option. Both are negative

Approach avoidance conflict - They want the option but dont want the aftermath of it. they are repelled and attracted

Defensive avoidance is when you procrastinate and avoid the decisiton

What are emotions?

They are positive and negative feeking that involve a pattern of cognitive, pysiological, and behavioural reaction toe venets.

What is rhe link between motivation and emotion?

We react emotionally when a goal is gratified

What are the common features to all emotions?

Emotions are responses to eliciting stimuli, emotions result from cognitive appraisal fo the stimuli. bodies respons phsysiologically to stimulu, and emtions include behaviour tendencies like expressive behaviorur and instru,ental behavious

What is eliciting stimuli?

it can be both internal and external and is the influence of innate biological factors.

What is the cognitive compone tof motivation?

Cogntive appriasals are involved in every aspect of emitons and interrprewation and meaning are attached to sensory stimuli. Different appriasals can reslunt in different behaviours,. and cultural diffences are seen in appaisals of other emotions

What is the physiological component in motivation

Theyere are interactions between coritcal and subcortical structures. the hypothalus, amygdala, and hippocamus are linked to destruction or stuimuation that produce aggression. the cerebral cortax has the ability to regualte emoion

How is behaviour linked to motivation?

Expressive behavours are observalse emitonal displays, such as anger, fear, and sadness.

What is the heirarchy of eotions?

Universal - Positive and negative effects and firstto appear

Basic - They appear later

Subtle - Thyese are influenced by culted and derived from basic emoions

What are the affects of emotions on behaviour

There are calls to actition to engae in instrumental behaviour, it can enhance performance for simp;le motor taska, and can intefere with complex mental and physc=ical tasks

What is Janmes-lange somantic theour of emotion?

it says the body informs the mind and physiological reactions determing emotion

What is cannon-bard theory?

It obelives cognition is involved in emition.

What is Lazarus?

All emotions are required for apporiasials wither they are aware of not

What is two factor theory?

Phsyiological aroudal and cogntive labelling determine emiton