Chemistry y9

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117 Terms

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Arrangement of a solid
Regular, fixed
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Arrangement of a liquid
random, touching
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Arrangement of a gas
Far apart, random, sparse
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Movement of a solid
vibrate in place
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Movement of a liquid
Flowing, random
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Movement of a gas
Free, random
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Energy of a solid
Least energy
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Energy of a liquid
medium energy
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Energy of a gas
Highest energy
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What kind of energy does a gas have
Kinetic
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What is a solid to a gas called
sublimation
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What is a gas to a solid called
deposition
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On a graph that shows the change of state what does a straight line mean
Change of state
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Element
A simple substance made of only one type of atom
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Compound
More than one type of atom chemically bonded
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Pure
One type of element of compound: same in all parts of the substance
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Mixture
Two or mire different substances not chemically bonded (physically bonded)
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Solubility
A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature
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Crystallisation
To separate a solute from a solution
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Chromatography
Separates mixtures made of soluble substances
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Mobile phase
Solvent
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Stationary phase
chromatography paper
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Rf value \=
Distance by solute / distance by solvent
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What do you round the Rf to
2 d.p.
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What does simple distillation do
Separates a solvent from a solution
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What do anti
bumping granules do?
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What does distillate mean
Pure water
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What is a condenser
Tube surrounded by cold water
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What does fractional distillation do
Separates liquids with similar boiling points
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Where should the dots of ink not be in ink distillation
In the water
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Why should the dots of ink in ink distillation not be in the water
Because they'll dissolve, not spread
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What does screening do
To remove large objects
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What does sedementation do
Solids sink and are left behind
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What does coagulation do
Alum added to clump dirt
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What does filtration do
Very small particles are removed
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What does pH and chlorination do
pH check and chlorination to kill bacteria and viruses
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What does distribution do
Water is stored for distribution
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Order of these:

Coagulation

Distribution

Filtration

Ph and chlorination

Screening

Sedimentation
Screening

Sedimentation

Coagulation

Filtration

Ph and coagulation

Distribution
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Charge of a proton
\+
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Charge of an electron
\-
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Charge of a neutron
neutral
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Charge of an atom
neutral
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Relative mass of a proton
1
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Relative mass of an electron
1/1840
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Relative mass of a neutron
1
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What did dalton's theory state (4)
Atoms are the smallest part of a substance that can exist
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atoms do not carry an overall charge

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Atoms cannot be created or destroyed

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atoms are the same in an element

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How do you find out the relative atomic mass from the periodic table
Top number
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What is the atomic number
Number of electrons/protons
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How to find the relative formula mass (Mr) for a compound
Add all relative atomic masses
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Isotope
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
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Charge of an isotope
A positive or negative charge
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What does Ar stand for?
Relative atomic mass
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Equation for relative atomic mass (Ar) (isotopes)
((isotope x %) + (isotope x %)) /100
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What did Mendeleev do to the periodic table (3)
Ordered atoms in order of atomic weight
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groups with similar properties

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gaps for undiscovered elements

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How do we order the periodic table now
Increasing atomic number
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Rows are called ...
periods
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Columns are called ...
Groups
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Periods are ...
rows
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Groups are ...
columns
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What does the periods show
Number of electron shells
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What does the groups show
Number of electrons in the outer shell
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What is group 1 of the periodic table
alkali metals
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What is group 2 of the periodic table
alkaline earth metals
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What is group 3
12 of the periodic table
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What is group 7 (17) of the periodic table
Halogens
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What is group 8 (18) of the periodic table
Noble gases
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In electron configuration ... up to ...
2.8.8.8 up to calcium
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Ion
An atom for group of atoms with a positive or negative charge
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What are positive ions called
cations
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What are negative ions called
anions
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What does inurt mean
Unreactive
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Do metals lose or gain electrons when becoming ions
Lose
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Do non
metals lose or gain electrons when becoming ions
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Ionic bonding
The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
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3 steps for ionic bonding
Draw elements
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show electronic transfer

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draw ions

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Ammonuim sulfate is

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NH4 (+1) SO4 (
2)
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Ionic bond
Electrostatic charge between oppositely chargedions
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What is the structure of an ionic lattice (3)
Many bonds

Crystalline structure

Alternating positive and negative
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Covalent bond
A shared pair of electrons
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What kind of bonds do simple covalent molecules have
Weak intermolecular forces
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Why do simple covalent molecules have low m.p./b.p.
The forces require little energy to be overcome
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Metallic bond
An electrostatic attraction between positive ions and a sea of delocalised electrons
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properties of covalent molecules (2)
No delocalised electrons

Not conductor of electricity
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Properties of metals
High melting points

Malleable

Strong

Ductile
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Why do metallic structures have high m.p./b.p.
Large amount of energy to overcome the bonds
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In metals the layers are able to ... .... each other while being held by the ... ...
Slide past, delocalised electrons
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Conservation of mass (in a closed system)
The total mass of reactants is equal to the total mass of the products
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Experiment with magnesium oxide and the conservation of mass

1. Magnesium in the crucible and put it on the balance
2. Put it on the clay triangle and heat strongly for several minutes
3. Lift the lid periodically to let the oxygen in
4. Let cool, once the magnesium stops glowing
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Isotopes are atoms of the same elements with the same number of ......
Protons and a different number of neutrons
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What are the 3 things that may happen when testing the conservation of mass
No change in mass

Mass increases because it took from the air

Mass decreases because gas escapes into the air
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What is avogadro's constant/ 1 mole
6.02 x 10^23
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What does the molecular formulae represent
The actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule