Med Term Module 2 Study Set

Portage learning medical terminology module 2

Homeostasis

a state of equilibrium that’s maintained in the body’s internal environment to support and sustain life. All of the individual parts contribute to maintaining homeostasis.

Anatomical terminology

terms that are used to describe specific locations, positions, or directions of the human body. ana: apart, tome: to cut

organization of the body smallest to largest

atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

tissue

a grouping of similar cells that work together to perform a specialized function

what are the 4 tissues

epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

what does epithelial form

it forms the outer surfaces of the body and lines body cavities, as well as the tubes that lead to the exterior or the body

functions of epithelial tissue

protection, sensation, secretion, absorption, excretion, and diffusion

function of connective tissue

builds the support for the body’s organs and muscle sheaths and also connects muscles to bones and bones to joints.

what is the most abundant tissue type

connective tissue

3 types of muscle tissue

cardiac, smooth, skeletal

skeletal muscle

used by the body for movement and posture. voluntary control

smooth muscle

found in organs such as esophagus, stomach, intestines, and bladder. involuntary control

cardiac muscle

found in the heart. involuntary control

nervous tissue

functions to communicate throughout the body, nerve cells are excitable and can conduct electricity. nervous tissue coordinated and controls the functions of the body.

Organs

the different tissue types combine to form these structures in the body that perform specific purposes.

organ examples

heart, liver, kidneys, brain, skin, uterus, lungs

systems

the body is organized into these that support the body as a whole. they are groups of different organs functioning together for a common purpose.

integumentary system

protective membrane, temp reg, and sensory receptor

skeletal system

framework and movement: shape, support, protection, and storage for minerals. movement possible through joints

muscular system

framework and movement: produces movement and heat, maintains posture

nervous system

transmits impulses, responds to change, responsible for communication, and exercises control over all parts of the body.

endocrine system

the glands of this system prod hormones, chem messengers, that control various parts of the body

cardiovascular system

transports O2 and CO2, delivers nutrients and hormones and removes waste

blood and the lymphatic system

transports O2, CO2, chemicals and cells that protect the body from foreign substances; stimulates immune response, protects the body, and transports proteins and fluids

respiratory system

furnishes O2 for individual tissues’ cells and removes their CO2

digestive system

absorption adn elimination

urinary system

produces, transports, and eliminates urine; kidneys help maintain levels/balances in the body

reproductie system

responsible for sexual characteristics

anatomical position

standing upright, head facing forward, arms extended by the side of the body with palms oriented to the front

sagittal plane

divides the body or structure vertically into right and left sections

midsagittal plane

divides the body or structure into equal right and left halves at the midline.

transverse/horizontal plane

divides the body or structure into superior and inferior sections

coronal/frontal plane

divides the body into anterior and posterior sections. it’s at a right angle to the midsagittal plane

directional terms

describe the location of a body part in relation to another body part

cavities

are hollow spaces that contain organs. they are enclosed with membranes that are specific to the this that they cover

2 posterior cavities

cranial and spinal cavities

2 anterior cavities

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

cranial cavity

contains the brain. the brain is protected by the meninges and the skull.

spinal cavity

contains the spinal cord. protected by the vertebrae and covered by the meninges

thoracic cavity

contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, aorta, and thymus gland. protected by the ribs and separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm

divisions of the thoracic cavity

mediastinum and pleural cavities

mediastinum

central region of the thoracic cavity, contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, aorta, and thymus gland

pleural cavities

located lateral to the mediastinum on either side. each contains a lung and is covered by the pleura

divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity

abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

abdominal cavity

contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, and most of large intestine. covered by the peritoneum

pelvic cavity

contains the bladder, ureters, urethra, and rest of large intestine. in girls, vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. in boys, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, and vas deferens. covered by the peritoneum

9 abdominal regions

right hypochondriac, right lumbar, right iliac, epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, left hypochondriac, left lumbar, and left iliac regions

4 abdominal quardants

right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower quadrants

region 1

right hypochondriac region

region 2

epigastric region

region 3

left hypochondriac region

region 4

right lumbar region

region 5

umbilical region

region 6

left lumbar region

region 7

right iliac region

region 8

hypogastric region

region 9

left iliac region

a

right upper quadrant (RUQ)

b

left upper quadrant (LUQ)

c

right lower quadrant (RLQ)

d

left lower quadrant (LLQ)

right upper quadrant contains

majority of the liver, the right kidney, portion of LI, small portion of pancreas, gallbladder, and section of SI

right lower quadrant contains

portions of LI and SI, right ureter, appendix, right ovary and fallopian tube

left upper quadrant contains

small portion of liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, majority of pancreas, portions of SI and LI

left lower quadrant contains

portions of SI and LI, left ureter, and left ovary and fallopian tube

prone

body positioned horizontally face down, with back oriented superiorly

supine

body positioned horizontally face up, with back oriented inferiorly

lithotomy position

supine position in which buttocks are at the end of the exam table, the hips and knees are flexed, and the feet are supported by stirrups. often used in gynecological exams and surgeries

fowler position/ semi-recumbent position

supine position, however, the head of the bed is elevated 45*