Nervous & Endofrine

What type of signal do the nervous and endocrine systems use respectively?

The nervous system uses electrical impulses, while the endocrine system uses chemical transmitters.

What is the speed of response for the nervous system compared to the endocrine system?

The nervous system has a fast response, whereas the endocrine system has a slower response.

Which hormone is produced by the adrenal glands?

Adrenaline.

What is the function of insulin produced by the pancreas?

Insulin decreases blood sugar levels.

What does FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) do in the female reproductive system?

FSH stimulates the development and maturation of eggs in the ovary and causes the release of oestrogen.

What type of nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord?

Central nervous system.

What role do receptors play in the peripheral nervous system?

Receptors detect a change in the environment (stimulus).

Give an example of a reflex action.

Touching a hot object and quickly moving your hand away.

What is a reflex?

A rapid, subconscious response to a stimulus.

What happens to the pupil in bright light?

The pupil constricts as circular muscles contract and radial muscles relax.

What is the purpose of the myelin sheath on an axon?

It insulates the axon to increase the speed of nervous transmission and reduce dissipation of the electrical impulse.

What is the main difference between reflexes and normal responses?

The main difference is the presence of a relay neurone which allows rapid, subconscious responses.

What triggers the release of neurotransmitters at a synapse?

An electrical impulse arriving at the end of the axon terminal.

What are the three main types of neurons in the nervous system?

Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.

What is the structure that transmits electrical signals in a neuron?

The axon.

What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

Dendrites receive signals from other neurons.

What is a synapse?

The junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released.

What role do neurotransmitters play in the nervous system?

They transmit signals across the synapse from one neuron to another.

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

To control involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate and digestion.

What part of the neuron typically contains the nucleus?

The cell body (soma).

What triggers a reflex action?

A stimulus that activates sensory neurons.

What is the role of the spinal cord in reflex actions?

It acts as a pathway for signals between the body and the brain and can initiate reflex actions.

What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary actions?

Voluntary actions are consciously controlled, while involuntary actions occur automatically, like reflexes.