unit 1

1940's-1950's

The first computers began to be built.

large, heat

first computers had very ___________components and took up entire rooms and generated a lot of _____________.

1971

he microprocessor was invented, which allowed engineers to design 'small' computers that would fit in a cabinet, but these were not affordable to small businesses or for personal use.

1970's

Home computers were sold in kits that had to be assembled. Often they were attached to a television instead of a monitor. These computers were considered to be a hobby.

1981

The PC (personal computer) was introduced by IBM (International Business Machines). These were the first computers that were affordable to small business, at about $1500.

* Travel
* Shopping
* Education
* Entertainment

ways computers and smart devices has changed our lives

Multi core processors

________ have more than one CPU, but each CPU can only execute one instruction at a time.

applications

google chrome , Microsoft Excel, and Call of Duty are all _______________.Applications can not access computer resources directly, they make requests to the OSIt may seem like many applications are running at the same time, but the OS schedules them one at a time to run on the CPU, then re- schedules more time for each one, based on priority.

C

________ and C++ are both compiled languages.InterpretedPrograms written in these types of languages are "interpreted "one line at a time into machine code, each time they are run.Interpreted programs tend to run more slowly than compiled languages.Programs that are interpreted can be moved to computers with a different CPU because the conversion to machine code does not happen until the file is executed, Perl and JavaScript are interpreted languages.Some languages are both compiled and interpreted.

Java

________ is one such language that is compiled and interpreted.

Megahertz

________ is a million cycles per second.

Hardware

________ does physical and electronic tasks, like displaying images, storing and retrieving data, printing, connecting to a network.

information

All ________ and instructions are stored in memory before they are retrieved by the CPU.

motherboard

The ________ has electronic circuits that support the CPU chip.

gigabyte

A(n) ________ is a billion bytes.

megabyte

A(n) ________ is a million bytes.

Gigahertz

________ is a billion cycles per second.

monitor

Computers are made of several different components, like the motherboard, mouse, memory, ________, etc.

Operating System

Applications can not access computer resources directly, they make requests to the________.

OS schedules them one at a time to run on the CPU

It may seem like many applications are running at the same time, but the__________________________________, then re- schedules more time for each one, based on priority.

re- schedules more time for each one, based on priority.

It may seem like many applications are running at the same time, but the OS schedules them one at a time to run on the CPU, then _____________________

1940's-1950's

The first computers began to be built. These were made with very large components and took up entire rooms and generated a lot of heat.

1971

The microprocessor was invented, which allowed engineers to design 'small' computers that would fit in a cabinet, but these were not affordable to small businesses or for personal use.

1970's

Home computers were sold in kits that had to be assembled. Often they were attached to a television instead of a monitor. These computers were considered to be a hobby

1981

The PC (personal computer) was introduced by IBM (International Business Machines). These were the first computers that were affordable to small business, at about $1500. As a comparison, the cost of a new car was less than $9000.

So many of our daily activities have been changed by computers and smart devices, including: 

* Travel
* Shopping
* Education
* Entertainment

motherboard, mouse, memory, monitor ect

Computers are made of several different components, like

components

Even though laptop and desktop computers may look different, they still have many of the same __________________.

physical devices

**Hardware** consists of

physical, electronic

Hardware does __________and__ _____________tasks

displaying images, storing and retrieving data, printing, connecting to a network

examples of things hardware does

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

what is the brain of the computer

following software instructions

CPU makes all of the decisions by

the processor

what is the CPU sometimes called

chip

the CPU is a single what

motherboard

where is the CPU located

1

The processor runs ____instruction at a time.

clock speed

The speed at which the processor runs is also called the '_____________'.

hertz

what is clock speed measured in

one cycle per second

how much is 1 hertz

a million cycles per second

how much is a Megahertz

a billion cycles per second

how much is a gigahertz

1\.5 gigahertz

1\.5GHz means

machine language/machine code

The processor only understands

machine code

  Each type of processor has its own ____________

make the CPU run faster,to get hotter

Increasing a computer's clock speed can _________________, but that will cause the CPU__ ______________and may damage it.

computer case

The motherboard is inside of the ________________

power supply

the motherboard is connected to a______________ that is also inside of the case

electronic circuits

The motherboard has _____________ that support the CPU chip

memory cards

the mother board has slots where __________________ can be plugged in

motherboard

all communication between devices in the computer (like the hard drive, the monitor, the keyboard, and other devices, takes place on the _______________.

graphics controller

Some motherboards also have a _______________ to run the monitor

graphics

some motherboards have a slot that allows the user to install a separate _____________controller. 

memory

All information and instructions are stored in _________before they are retrieved by the CPU.

Memory

________is the working space for programs that are running on the computer.