Audiology Final LCD 330

What historical event brought about the need and creation for the profession of audiology?

a. WWII

b. WWI

c. Motorized vehicles

d. Industrial Revolution

A. WWII

All BUT which of the following are within the current scope of practice for audiology?

a. Counseling regarding hearing loss and rehabilitative/amplification options

b. Diagnostic examination for balance

c. Hearing evaluation

d. Surgery for hearing loss

D. Surgery for hearing loss

Please list below two other professionals that audiologists may work with:

Several answers, including SLPs, otolaryngologists, otologists, teachers of the deaf, etc.

True or false: as of recently, an audiologist solely needs a masters degree to become a licensed professional.

False

True or false: less than 1% of the world's population require rehabilitation to help with their hearing loss.

a. True

b. False

False

Without the proper resources to provide adequate hearing healthcare, a person can experience issues with:

a. Physical health

b. Communication

c. Mental and emotional health

d. All of the above

All of the above

Please list below a possible cause of hearing loss that is diagnosed at birth:

Several answers, including in utero infection, genetic predisposition

Please list below a possible cause of hearing loss that is diagnosed in children:

Several answers, including cerumen, ear infections, genetics, etc.

Please list below a possible cause of hearing loss that is diagnosed in adults:

Several answers, including age, noise-induced hearing loss, ototoxicity, etc

Please list below a factor that can affect hearing across the lifespan

Several answers, including excessive noise exposure, age, etc.

What unit is frequency measured in?

a. Hertz (Hz)

b. Decibels (dB)

c. Milliseconds (ms)

d. Decapascals (daPa)

A. Hertz

Sounds that are associated with simple harmonic motion are called...

a. Narrowband Noise

b. Pure Tones

c. Broadband Noise

d. White Noise

B. Pure Tones

The pinna is shaped to provide _____ ability for a sound source

localization

Please list the 3 middle bone ears

Malleus, Incus, and Stapes

What is the difference in impedance called as sound travels through the air-filled system to the eardrum and has to get transmitted to the inner ear via fluid vibrations?

a. Lever Action

b. Admittance

c. Impedance Mismatch

d. Buckling Effect

C. Impedance Mismatch

What is the name of the bone that houses portions of the external ear, middle ear, and inner ear?

a. Frontal bone

b. Occipital bone

c. Temporal bone

d. Parietal bone

C. Temporal bone

What are the names of the two openings (aka "windows") within the modiolus of the cochlea?

Round Window and Oval Window

What are the names of the 3 cochlear ducts?

a. Scala Vestibuli, Scala Media, and Scala Tympani

b. Scala Perilymph, Scala Endolymph, and Scala Cortilymph

c. Scala Potassium, Scala Sodium, Scala Hydrogen

A. Scala Vestibuli, Scala Media, and Scala Tympani

True or false: the base of the basilar membrane is filled with short, stiff fibers that are tuned for high frequencieswhile the apex of the basilar membrane is filled with longer, floppier fibers that are tuned for low frequencies.

a. True

b. False

A. True

What is the term for the way the basilar membrane is structured in which each location is tuned specifically for different frequencies?

B. Tonotopic Organization

Which of the following is not a type of transducer used in standard audiometric testing?

a. Insert earphones

b. Supra-aural headphones

c. Airpods

d. Bone conduction oscillator

C. Airpods

What is the graph called that we use to measure audiometric thresholds?

Audiogram

What is the value in dBHL that constitutes "normal hearing" (at least for adults)?

a. 25dBHL and less

b. 30dBHL and less

c. 35dBHL and less

d. 40dBHL and less

A. 25 dbHL and less

What is calibration?

a. Performing a hearing test

b. Utilizing a tuning fork to determine if the hearing loss is sensorineural vs. conductive in nature

c. Making sure the equipment to be used (i.e. audiometer, tympanometer, and/or the OAE machine) is performing according to standard

d. Installing a double-walled booth in the clinic

C.Making sure the equipment to be used (i.e. audiometer, tympanometer, and/or OAE machine is performing according to standard

How often do clinics standardly get their equipment calibrated?

a. Once every two years

b. Once every year

c. Once every month

d. Once every week

B. Once every year

Please circle the correct answer:

When we are looking at the audiogram, frequency in Hertz (increases/decreases) from left to right.

increases

Please circle the correct answer:

When we are looking at the audiogram, the hearing level in dB (increases/decreases) from top to bottom.

decreases

Please circle the correct answer:

When measuring thresholds for the right ear, we mark the unmasked air conduction thresholds by a (red circle/blue x).

red circle

Please circle the correct answer:

When measuring thresholds for the left ear, we mark the unmasked air conduction thresholds by a (red circle/blue x).

blue circle

What is the method for the way we establish hearing thresholds for a patient?

a. Up-1/Down-1 Method

b. Bekesy Method

c. Loudness Method

d. Up-5/Down-10 Method

D. Up-5/Down-10 Method

All except the below frequencies are routinely tested when obtaining air conduction thresholds for each ear:

a. 2000Hz

b. 4000Hz

c. 500Hz

d. 10,000Hz

D. 10,000 Hz ( we test 1000,2000,4000,500,250)

When are interoctaves tested?

a. ≥10dB difference between adjacent octave frequencies

b. ≥20dB difference between adjacent octave frequencies

c. ≥15dB difference between adjacent octave frequencies

d. ≥25dB difference between adjacent octave frequencies

B. ≥20dB difference between adjacent octave frequencies

What hearing system does bone conduction truly test?

a. Middle Ear

b. Outer Ear

c. Sensorineural System

d. Vestibular System

C. Sensorineural System

Which frequencies are incorporated into the 3-Frequency Pure-Tone Average (PTA)?

a. 500Hz, 1000Hz, and 2000Hz

b. 1Hz, 2Hz, and 3Hz

c. 4000Hz, 6000Hz, and 8000Hz

d. 125Hz, 250Hz, and 500Hz

A. 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz

All of the following are categories of hearing loss except:

a. Conductive Hearing Loss

b. Mixed Hearing Loss

c. Pinna Hearing Loss

d. Sensorineural Hearing Loss

C. Pinna Hearing Loss

A true air-bone gap is greater than a ___ difference between air conduction and bone conduction thresholds.

a. 1dB

b. 2dB

c. 5dB

d. 10dB

D. 10dB

Please list below any two degrees (not types) of hearing loss:

Several answers, including mild, moderate, moderately-severe, severe, slight, and profound

Please circle the correct answer:

When measuring thresholds for the right ear, we mark the masked air conduction thresholds by a (red triangle/blue box).

red triangle

Please circle the correct answer:

When measuring thresholds for the left ear, we mark the masked air conduction ​thresholds by a (red triangle/blue box).

blue box

The symbol for "no response" on the audiogram is marked as an:

a. Bracket

b. Parentheses

c. Exclamation point

d. Arrow

D. Arrow

What does SRT stand for in terms of speech audiometry?

a. Silent Response Time

b. Speech Reception Threshold

c. Sensory Reliability Time

d. Speech Reaction Tempo

B. Speech Reception Threshold

What is the main reason that recorded speech testing is usually preferred over monitored live voice (MLV)?

a. Standardized

b. Faster to perform

c. Utilization of VU (voice level) meter

A. Standarizaton

SRT is the lowest level where the patient can repeat back ___ of the spondee words.

a. 15%

b. 20%

c. 40%

d. 50%

D. 50%

What does MCL stand for in terms of speech audiometry?

a. Most Comfortable Level (in terms of loudness)

b. Mitochondria Chromosomal Level

c. Mechanism of Clear Listening

A. Most comfortable level (in terms of loudness)

Please circle the correct answer:

SRT utilizes (spondee/monosyllabic) words.

Spondee

Please circle the correct answer:

SRS (speech recognition score) utilizes (spondee/monosyllabic) words.

monosyllabic words

What is the name of the score that shows the highest possible score when speech level increases above threshold?

a. Speech score

b. PBmax

c. Audiology score

B.PB max

True or False: 40dB SL (sensation level) above a patient’s SRT will always give the highest Speech Recognition Score.

a. True

b. False

B. False

True or False: SRT and Pure Tone Average (PTA) should never exceed 12dB.

a. True

b. False

A. True

What is the relationship between the SRT and PTA really testing?

a. Calibration

b. Tympanometry

c. Otoacoustic Emissions

d. Validity

D. Validity

What term is used to describe the phenomenon when a signal presented to one ear is physically present in the opposite cochlea?

a. Crossover

b. Cross-hearing

c. Cross cochlea

d. Cross hearing aid

A. Crossover

What term is used to describe the phenomenon when the crossed-over signal is audible in the opposite ear?

a. Crossover

b. Cross-hearing

c. Cross cochlea

d. Cross hearing aid

B. Cross-hearing

What is the "fake" audiogram called if thresholds are unmasked yet the signal presented has the chance to crossover to the better hearing ear?

a. False audiogram

b. Evil audiogram

c. Shadow curve

d. Ghost hearing

C. Shadow Curve

At what level would an air-conduction signal be strong enough to vibrate the skull and stimulate the ear via bone-conduction (aka the level representing a maximum conductive hearing loss)?

a. 20dB

b. 30dB

c. 60dB

d. 100dB

C.60 dB

True or false: the phenomenon of crossover occurs via bone-conduction.

a. True

b. False

A. True

What is the term for the number of decibels that are "lost" in the process of signal crossover?

a. Lost decibels

b. Interaural Attenuation (IA)

c. Bone Conduction Loss

d. Skull Attenuator

B. Interaural Attenuation (IA)

What effect do we have to take into consideration when masking bone-conduction (aka when we close off the ear with headphones and it makes lower frequencies sound louder)?

a. Skull Effect

b. Decibel Effect

c. Occlusion Effect

C. Occlusion Effect

What is the phenomenon called when the masking noise itself might crossover to the opposite ear/cochlea and be heard?

a. Overmasking

b. Extreme masking

c. Undermasking

d. No masking

A. Overmasking

True or false: the masking dilemma occurs MOST when there is a maximum conductive hearing loss in both ears.

a. True

b. False

A. True

Several of the masking issues can be alleviated with which type of earphones?

a. Insert Earphones

b. Circumaural Earphones

c. High-Frequency Earphones

d. Apple Earphones

A. Insert Headphones

For sensorineural hearing losses, the thresholds for which of the following are usually the same or within 10dB of each other?

a. Air and bone conduction

b. MCL

c. UCL

A. Air and bone conduction

What is the term for loudness of a sound that grows abnormally rapidly as sound level is raised above a patient's threshold?

a. Loudness intolerance

b. Uncomfortable loudness level

c. Loudness Recruitment

d. Facial stimulation

C. Loudness recruitment

How is conductive hearing loss usually expressed?

a. Bone thickness

b. Size of the air-bone gap (aka the difference between air and bone conduction thresholds)

c. Cochlear ossification

B. Size of the air-bone gap (aka the difference between air and bone conduction thresholds)

What is a mixed hearing loss?

a. Mixing of masker for tone and speech

b. Combination of SNHL and conductive HL

c. Combination of PTA of the two ears

B.Combination of SNHL and conductive HL

True or false: tinnitus only occurs when there is a hearing loss.

a. True

b. False

B. False

True or false: hereditary (genetic) hearing loss is mostcaused by an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.

a. True

b. False

A.True

Please list below one acquired (aka non-hereditary) cause of hearing loss:

Several answers, including ototoxicity, excessive noise exposure, etc.

Please list below one disorder relating to the middle ear system:

Several answers, including otosclerosis, otitis media, cholesteatoma, etc.

Please list below one disorder relating to the cochlea:

Several answers, including sensorineural hearing loss, Meniere's disease, etc

What is the name of the disorder that is retrocochlear in nature and leads to abnormal results for neural function, normal results for outer hair cell function, and no radiological abnormalities?

a. Retrocochlear Disorder

b. Brainstem Dysfunction

c. Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)

d. Presbycusis

c. Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)

Tympanometry is a diagnostic tool for measuring which ear system?

a. Outer ear

b. Middle ear

c. Inner ear

B. Middle Ear

True or false: tympanometry is a test of hearing.

a. True

b. False

False

All of the following EXCEPT are reasons to conduct immittance measurement:

a. Detect middle ear disorders

b. Differentiate cochlear vs. retrocochlear site of lesion

c. Determine speech intelligibility

d. Might be used to estimate the degree of HL

C. Determine speech intelligibility

What is the term for the frequency at which an object most easily vibrates?

a. Vibration

b. Resonance

c. Immittance

d. Mass

B.Resonance

What is the routine frequency we use for the tympanometry probe tone for adults?

a. 30Hz

b. 100Hz

c. 226Hz

d. 5000Hz

C.226 Hz

When looking at a tympanogram, what is the measurement along the x-axis (aka horizontal axis)?

a. Pressure in daPa

b. Time in ms

c. Frequency in Hz

d. Admittance in mmho

A. Pressure in daPA

When looking at a tympanogram, what is the measurement along the y-axis (aka vertical axis)?

a. Pressure in daPa

b. Time in ms

c. Frequency in Hz

d. Admittance in mmho

D. Admittance in mmho

What type of tympanogram is a normal tympanogram, indicating a normal middle ear system?

a. Type A

b. Type B

c. Type C

A. Type A

What type of tympanogram is an abnormal flat tympanogram, most indicative of fluid in the middle ear system?

a. Type A

b. Type B

c. Type C

B. Type B

What type of tympanogram is an abnormal tympanogram, most indicative of negative middle ear pressure (likely Eustachian Tube disorder with or without fluid)?

a. Type A

b. Type B

c. Type C

C. Type C

The acoustic reflex threshold is the _________________ stimulus level (number of dB) that causes a response.

a. Highest

b. Medium

c. Lowest

Please circle the correct answer: Right reflex means the stimulus is in the (right/left) ear.

right ear

Please circle the correct answer: Left reflex means the stimulus is in the (right/left) ear.

left ear

Acoustic reflex thresholds are tested at which frequencies?

a. 250Hz, 300Hz, 350Hz, and 400Hz

b. 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz, and 4000Hz

c. 1Hz, 2Hz, 3Hz, and 4Hz

d. 10Hz, 100Hz, 1000Hz, and 10,000Hz

B. 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz

An acoustic reflex decay is considered abnormal orpositive if the response gets _____ during the 10-second tone.

a. ≥10% smaller

b. ≥20% smaller

c. ≥50% smaller

d. ≥100% smaller

C. ≥50% smaller

When performing a diagnostic Auditory Brainstem Response test (ABR), which wave are we measuring to estimate hearing threshold?

a. Wave I

b. Wave III

c. Wave IV

d. Wave V

D. Wave V

Please circle the correct answer: When looking at a diagnostic ABR, as the stimulus level increases, the amplitude (increases/decreases) and latency (increases/decreases).

increase/decrease

True or false: abnormal ABR results are often associated with retrocochlear disorders.

a. True

b. False

True

Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are produced by activity associated with healthy ____________.

a. Inner hair cells

b. Outer hair cells

c. Basilar membranes

d. Brains

A. inner hair cells

True or false: OAEs are present in just about everybody with normal hearing.

a. True

b. False

A.true

What is the name of the level that we try to obtain for infants when we are testing them?

a. Minimum response level

b. Hearing level

c. Crying level

A. minimum response level

What is the form of behavioral audiometric testing we perform for children as young as infants to ~5-6 months?

a. Standard Audiometry

b. Behavioral Observation Audiometry (BOA)

c. Otoacoustic emissions

B. Behavioral Observation Audiometry

When performing Behavioral Observation Audiometry (BOA), what are we really looking for?

a. Lowest detection to sounds

b. Speech thresholds

c. Responses to relatively intense sounds presented in the soundfield

C. responses to relatively intense sounds presented in the soundfield

Up until the age of 2 years old and starting at ~5-6 months of age, what type of audiometric testing do we typically perform?

a. Standard Audiometry

b. Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA)

c. Behavioral Observation Audiometry (BOA)

B. Visual Reinforcement Audiometry

True or false: with VRA, we are conditioning the child to localize to very low stimulation levels using tones or speech as a stimulus.

a. True

b. False

True

Children ages ~2-3 through age 5 years old are typically tested via which audiometric testing method?

a. Standard audiometry

b. Visual Reinforcement audiometry (VRA)

c. Conditioned Play Audiometry (CPA)

C. Conditioned Play Audiometry (CPA)

What is the term for patients who cannot be readily assessed with behavioral tests due to physical, developmental, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, other problems, or a combination of these, so special methods are needed?

a. Difficult-To-Test (DTT)

b. Infants

c. Behavioral audiometry

A. Difficult-To-Test (DTT)

All of the following EXCEPT are advantages of performing physiological measurements over behavioral:

a. Does not require the child’s cooperation

b. Each ear can be tested individually

c. It provides limited perspective of the auditory status because it does not involve a behavioral response from the child

d. Directly assesses physiological integrity of at least the lower parts of the auditory system

C. It provides limited perspective of the auditory status because it does not involve a behavioral response from the child

True or false: VRA is typically conducted in the soundfield, so we are unable to obtain ear-specific information.

a. True

b. False

False

What is the name of the commonly used children's open-set word recognition test list?

a. NU-6

b. CNC

c. PBK

d. SRT

C.PBK