Absolute Monarchy of Spain

Absolute Monarchy of Spain notes

______ had slowly started to die out

(Changing Power Structures)

Fuedal Stystems

• Black plague

• Renaissance

More _____ governments started to emerge.

(Changing Power Structures)

Centralized

• “Nation-states” -> a sovereign country whose people share a common culture and live within a defined territory under one government.

(Powerful States and Rulers)

Nation-States rose at _____ times

different

Powerful States and Rulers

Spain and France set up ____ monarchies

Absoulte

Powerful States and Rulers

The ruler has ______ over the government

complete

• Habsburgs (a german royal family) in Spain, Bourbons in France

Powerful States and Rulers

Both families would ___ through strategic marraiges

land

Powerful States and Rulers

Had ____ power

no real

• Governments often had parliaments

King could ___ at will

dissolve

Kings and Queens had to ______ between groups

balance the interests

Divine Right to Rule

Rulers justified their rule with ____.

Divine right

Divine Right to Rule

_____ came from God

Authority

• Had to act in the best interests of their people

Divine Right to Rule

By 1700, all great powers would be absolute monarchies, except ____.

Divine Right to Rule

It would start to be challenged by ___.

thinkers

Divine Right to Rule

“The royal power is absolute…without this absolute authority, the king could neither do good nor repress evil. It is necessary that his power be such that no one can escape him.”

Spain and the Hapsburg Empire

Spain had emerges as the ____ by 1500

first modern power

Spain and the Habsburg Empire

Unified with the marriage of _______.

Ferdinand and Isabella

• Got rich through colonization

• Sought to religiously unite the nation

Charles V Stacks the Crowns

Heir to the ___ and ___ Empire

Spanish, Habsburg

• Ferdinand and Isabella’s grandson

• Maximilian I’s grandson

• took the name Charles V

• Also Charles I

Spanish and Habsburg Empire

Charles was in _______

Constant warfare.

• Religious wars in Germany

• Italian struggles with France

• Ottoman Empire under Suleiman

Spanish and Habsburg Empire

Siege of ____

Vienna (1529)

20,000 Austrians defeat 100,000 Ottomans

Charles Divides the Crown

The Hapsburg Empire became too large for ____ to rule

One man

• Charles splits the empire in half

Charles Divides the Crown

The lands of ____ go to his brother, Ferdinand I

Austria

Charles Divides the Crown

The lands of ____ go to his son, Philip II

Spain

A Dedicated Ruler

Philip ____ the goverment

Centralized

• Devoted his life to government work

A Dedicated Ruler

Did not partake in ____

Extravagance

• Philip sees himself as the guardian of the Catholic Church

A Dedicated Ruler

Turned the inquisition towards _____

Protestants

Wars of Philip II

Spain and the Holy League defeated the Ottomans at ___.

Lepanto

• Did not eliminate the nation, but stopped the advance

Wars of Philip II

____ years war

Eighty

___________ can achieve independence

The Netherlands

• Spain loses he richest part of its empire

The Fall of the Spanish Armada

Philip sees ____ I as his main rival

Elizabeth

• She supported the Dutch

The Fall of the Spanish Armada

Encouraged _____ to attack Spain

Pirates

• Philip has the smallest claim to the throne

The Fall of the Spanish Armada

Philip assembles an _____ to invade England

Armada

• 130 ships, 20,000 men, 2,400 canons

The Fall of the Spanish Armada

English ships are ___ and ____

Lighter, Faster

• -Armada is commanded to meet with forces in Belgium

  • This was an open sea territory

  -England attacks the fleet

• Wind shifts to help the English

-Armada is slowly defeated over time

• A hurricane went over the fleet

Decline of the Spanish Empire

Philip’s _____ were not as able as he was

Successors

• Economic problems plague the nation

• Costly wars

Decline of the Spanish Empire

Neglected ___ and ___

Farmers, trade

• Expelled Muslims and Jews

____ (economy & prices rising)

-Spain becomes a dwindling power by the 1700s

Decline of the Spanish Empire

_______________________________ fill the vacuum

England, France, and the Netherlands

Art and Literature of Spain’s Golden Century

Spain’s _____

Golden Age

• Siglo de oro

  • 1550 to 1650

  • -Philip was a significant patron

    • Founded academies of science and mathematics

    • Funded arts

Paintings

________ (Greek painter)

El Greco

• Born on Crete

• Studied in Italy, Settled in Spain

Paintings

Produced ___ pictures and portraits of Nobles

Religious

• Used vibrant colors

• Would influence Diego Velázquez

Literature

______ (playwright)

Lope de Vega

• Born a peasant

• Wrote over 1,500 plays

Literature

___

Miguel de Cervantes

• Wrote Europe’s first modern novel, Don Quixote

• Mocked the traditions of feudalism

• Realism of Sancho vs. the idealism of Don Quixote