RGO: Developmental Psychology

It refers to the act or process of giving birth which typically begins about 2 weeks before delivery.

a. Labor

b. Partuition

c. Gestation

d. Neonation

d. Neonation

When the caregiver is first out of sight, infants will cry, resist soothing by other people, and search for their caregiver. This illustrates which stage of Bowlby's separation anxiety?

a. Protest

b. Despair

c. Detachment

d. Attachment

a. Protest

Professor Lorenzo studies the behavior of children whose parents divorced six months before the children started school and children whose parents divorced two years before the children started school. Both groups of children are then followed and measured over the course of several years. This is which kind of design?

a. Cross- sectional

b. Sequential

c. Longitudinal

d. Life-span Sampling

b. Sequential

Dr. Bargasin follows the same group of children over a 10 yr period, measuring their performance twice a year. This is which method of developmental research?

a. Cross - sectional

b. Longitudinal

c. Sequential

d. Clinical

b. Longitudinal

Dr. Villaruel is currently experiencing career success and ther earning powers peak. However, she is struggling with menopausal symptoms. Dr. Villaruel would be in which period of development?

a. Young adulthood

b. Middle childhood

c. Middle adulthood

d. Late adulthood

c. Middle adulthood

Which of the following is not true about the size and appearance of neonate?

a. boys tend to be slightly longer and heavier than girls

b. girls tend to be slightly longer and heavier than boys

c. in their first few days, neonates lose as much as 10 percent of their body weight

d. a firstborn child is likely to weigh less at birth than later borns

b. girls tend to be slightly longer and heavier than boys

In an experiment, one group of children is given a drink each day with a special vitamin supplement. A second group of children is given the same drink but without the vitamin. Later, all children are given an IQ test to see if the vitamin had an effect on intelligence. In this experiment, the children's scores on the IQ test would be the

a. independent variable

b. cross-sequential variable

c. dependent variable

d. control variable

c. dependent variable (IV - vitamins)

Which is the correct order of the stages of childbirth?

a. explusion of the placenta, dilation of the cervix, and descent and emergence of the baby.

b. dilation of the cevix, explusion of the placenta, and descent and emergence of the baby.

c. dilation of the cervix, descent and emergence of the baby, and expulsion of the placenta

d. descent and emergence of the baby, dilation of the cervix, and expulsion of the placenta

c. dilation of the cervix, descent and emergence of the baby, and expulsion of the placenta

If a neonate does not begin breathing within about 5 minute, the baby may suffer permanent brain injury caused by ____ or lack of oxygen.

a. anoxia

b. hypoxia

c. hyperxia

d. alogia

a. anoxia

Ahryn is currently facing issues on searching for identity, including sexual identity. At the same time, she is confuse in selecting his peers. Ahryn would be in which period of development?

a. Middle childhood

b. Adolescence

c. Young adulthood

d. Middle adulthood

b. Adolescence

In Apgar Scale, scores of 0 to 3 at 10, 15, and 20 minutes after birth are increasingly associated with what condition?

a. pneumonia

b. neonatal jaundice

c. cerebral palsy

d. autism spectrum

c. cerebral palsy

It is characterized by yellowish skin and eyeballs due to immaturity of liver which is common to babies born prematurely.

a. Klinefelter's syndrome

b. Braxton-Hicks

c. Turner's syndrome

d. Neonatal jaundice

d. Neonatal jaundice

In an experiment, Processor Dela Cruz manipulates the ____ variable and then looks for an effect of that manipulation by measuring the _____ variable.

a. dependent; independent

b. control; experimental

c. experimental; control

d. independent; dependent

d. independent; dependent

Dr. Asuncion has studied the relationship between the amount of time children spend playing video games and their academic performance in school. She find that as time spent playing video games increases, grades in school decrease. This finding represents a

a. a positive correlation

b. a negative correlation

c. a variable interaction

d. a case study approach

b. a negative correlation

Which of the following stages of childbirht is the longest?

a. Fetal

b. Expulsion of the placenta

c. Dilation of the cervix

d. Germinal

c. Dilation of the cervix

A woman may have felt false contractions known as ___ contradictions at times during the final months of pregnancy, or even as early as the second trimester, when the muscles of the uterus tighten for up to 2 minutes.

a. Braxton-Hicks

b. Muscle kicks

c. Briggs-Myer

d. Brixter-Geese

a. Braxton-Hicks

Which of the following is administered to detect/discover specific disease of a newborn?

a. Neonatal screening for medical conditions

b. The Apgar Scale

c. The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment

d. The Bender-Gestalt

a. Neonatal screening for medical conditions

Which of the following newborn assessment is administered one minute after delivery, and then again 5 minutes after birth?

a. The APGAR scale

b. The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment

c. Neonatal screening for medical conditions

d. Screening for all purposes

a. The APGAR scale

If the child inherits __ it will lead permanent intellectual disability unless they are fed a special diet beginning in the first 3 to 6 weeks of life.

a. phenyketonuria

b. dominant genes

c. recessive genes

d. neonatal jaundice

a. phenyketonuria

Ester's egocentrism diminishes. She begins to think logically. As a normal child, Ester would be in which period of development?

a. Early childhood

b. Middle childhood

c. Adolescence

d. Toddlerhood

b. Middle childhood (6- 12 yrs old)

This period is characterized by settling-down with a marriage partner and a line of work.

a. Young adulthood

b. Middle adulthood

c. Late adulthood

d. Late adolescence

a. Young adulthood

Preschool and kindergarten experience is common in what period of development?

a. Infancy

b. Toddlerhood

c. Early Childhood

d. Middle Childhood

c. Early Childhood

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) measures the followin, except:

a. Motor development

b. Attention and interactive capacities

c. Language development

d. Central Nervous Development

c. Language development

Finishing touches such as fingernails, toenails, and eyelids continue to develop in what stage of prenatal development?

a. Germinal

b. Embryonic

c. Fetal

d. Blastocyst

c. Fetal

A miscarriage that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation is generally characterized as a ___.

a. spontaneous abortion

b. therapeutic abortion

c. stillbirth

d. misfortune

c. stillbirth

In this stage of prenatal development, zygote divides, becomes more complex, and is implanted in the wall of the uterus.

a. Germinal

b. Embryonic

c. Fetal

d. Blastocyst

a. Germinal

What does a 5-minute score of 7 to 10 indicates in Apgar Scale?

a. The baby needs help to establish breathing

b. The baby is in good to excellent condition

c. The baby needs immediate lifesaving treatment

d. The baby is happy and glad

b. The baby is in good to excellent condition

The following statements are true about dizygotic twins, except:

a. Results of two separete eggs being fertilized by two different sperm

b. It run in families and are the result of multiple eggs being released at one time

c. Generally, the are identical twins

d. Dizygotic twins are fraternal twins

c. Generally, the are identical twins

In this stage of separation anxiety, as separation continues infants become quiet, sad, passive, listless, and apathetic.

a. Protest

b. Despair

c. Detachment

d. Dysfunction

b. Despair

Which of the following refers to specific time frames during which the presence or absence of certain experiences has a long-lasting on individuals.

a. Prenatal Period

b. Critical Period

c. Gestation Period

d. Embryonic Period

b. Critical Period

Researchers were intested in studying the effects of divorse on children. Their study included 250 4-yr-olds. Interviews and family observations were conducted 6 months, 2 years, 5 years, and 10 years after the initial interviews and observations. Which method did the researcher use?

a. Cohort Sequential

b. Cross Sectional

c. Longitudinal

d. Experimental

c. Longitudinal

In the nature versus nurture controversy, "nature" refers to __.

a. heredity

b. plants and animals

c. all living things we interact with

d. environment

a. heredity

The food had been paired with the sound of spoon and fork; it would eventually come to evoke the conditioned response of hunger. However, if the unconditioned stimulus was no longer paired with the conditioned stimulus, eventually the conditioned response would disappear. This is an example of __ ?

a. extinction

b. discrimination

c. generalization

d. spontane

a. extinction

Motor development in babies develops in a proximodistal fashion. This is described as:

a. From nearest to the center of the body to the farthest from the center

b. From the top of the head to the bottom of the feet

c. From the farthest from the center to the nearest to the center

d. From the bottom of the body to the top of the body

a. From nearest to the center of the body to the farthest from the center

After a series of unfulfilling relationships, 32 year old Noel tells a friend that he doesnt want to marry because he is afraid of losing his freedom and independence. Erikson would say that Noel is having difficulty with the psychosocial task of

a. Identity vs. Identity confusion

b. Intimacy vs. Isolation

c. Generativity vs. Stagnation

d. Integrity vs, Despair

b. Intimacy vs. Isolation

In preconventional morality, the person:

a. obeys out of a sense of social dity

b. conforms to gain social

c. obeys to avoid punishment and gain rewards

d. follows the dictates of his/her conscience

c. obeys to avoid punishment and gain rewards

The girl is reprimanded by the teacher for wearing miniskirt which is a violation to the school's dress. What is the procedure of operant conditioning used in the situation?

a. Positive reinforcement

b. Positive punishment

c. Negative reinforcement

d. Negative Punishment

b. Positive punishment

What does the phenomenon of observational learning show?

a. children learn even when they are not receiving reinforcement from the environment

b. observing a model is a form of reinforcement

c. a moodel can condition children's behavior

d. televised violence is bad for children

a. children learn even when they are not receiving reinforcement from the environment

What aspect of child development has evolved, according to John Bowlby?

a. the emotional bond between infant and caregiver

b. the ability to move independently

c. separation from caregivers

d. the desire to be a mother

a. the emotional bond between infant and caregiver

What does a longitudinal design involve?

a. repeated measures of the same participants during a period of time

b. measures comparing participants of different genders

c. repeated measures of participants of different genders

d. measures comparing participants of the same age

a. repeated measures of the same participants during a period of time

In developing his psychoanalytic theory, Freud studied several individuals in great detail for an extended period of time. This technique is referred to as the ___ approach.

a. laboratory observation

b. interview

c. experimental

d. case study

d. case study

Groups of 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year-olds were tested in 2012 to obtain data about age-related differences. This is an example of ___.

a. longitudinal study

b. cross-sectional

c. sequential study

d. experiment

b. cross-sectional

Professor Castaned studies violence and designs a study of the effects of video game violence on children from schools near his university, two groups of low-income Hispanic children are assigned to play either violent or non-violent video game two hours each evening for a month. The children's teachers are asked to assess changes in behavior. Data analysis shows no effect of game type, but Professor Castaned shows that several children didnt follow the procedure so he makes up data for them adn then shows a significant effect. Which part of the APa's Ethical Standard is violated?

a. Reporting of research results

b. Plagiarism

c. Sharing research data for verification

d. Deception in research

a. Reporting of research results

What research method is appropriate if you want to determine the effect of cognitive behavior therapy in reducing the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder among children who are victims of domestc violence.

a. Experiment

b. Descriptive survey

c. Correlation

d. Case study

a. Experiment

For individuals who are legally incapable of providing consesnt in research, we must ___

a. Nevertheless explain appropropriately to the client

b. Obrain informed assent from them

c. Obtain appropriate permission from their legally authorized person

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Pedro is interested to examine the relationship between substance use and psychological distressed among Filipino college stdents. Which of the following research design is the most appropriate?

a. Experiment

b. Descriptive survey

c. Correlation

d. Case study

c. Correlation

In developmental research the term confidentiality refers to which of the following options:

a. The experimenter appears confident during the experimental situation

b. Participants have a right to expect that information they provide will be treated cofidentiality.

c. The experiment will involve the participant confiding in the experimeter.

d. The experimenter is confident that the hypothesis will be proved.

b. Participants have a right to expect that information they provide will be treated cofidentiality.

According to Paul Baltes, resources such as time, energy, money, and so on maybe used for the following except:

a. growth

b. maintenance

c. regulation of loss

d. behavior

d. behavior

Researchers have found that the cognitive skills of older adults can be improved through training and acquisitin of effective strategies. This research finding illustrates what principles of lifespan development?

a. Development is plastic

b. Development is multidirectional

c. Development is contextual

c. Development is multidimensional

a. Development is plastic

4 yr old Potpot was surprised at his parents' concern when they could not find him for an hour because he took a walk by himself, "I knew where I was, and I knew I was okay" he replied, demonstrating what Piaget would term

a. Artificialism

b. Animism

c. Egocentrism

d. Object Permanence

c. Egocentrism

Anita's parents told her she could only take one doll with her to the restaurant. It took her a long time to decided because she didn't want to hurt any of her dolls' feelings by picking one and leaving the others at home. This demonstrates which Piagetian concept?

a. Artificialism

b. Animism

c. Egocentrism

d. Object Permanence

b. Animism

Fertilization of an ovum by a sperm is least likely to occur if intercourse takes place ___.

a. during ovulation

b. three days before ovulation

c. one day before ovulation

d. during mentruation

d. during mentruation

Jarred thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefullly watching him. Kohlberg would suggest that Jarred demonstrates a(n) ____ morality.

a. conventional

b. preconventional

c. post conventional

d. unconventional

b. preconventional

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are suddenly judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a:

a. conservation

b. object permanence

c. schema

d. adaptation

a. conservation

Dr. Guntang, who emplys the ecological approach to human development, is studying the relationship between the quality of parent-child interactions in the home and the success of children in school. Dr. Guntang is studying development at the ____ level of environmental influence.

a. microsystem

b. mesosystem

c. exosystem

d. macrosystem

b. mesosystem

When one language (such as English) is acquired early in development, the capacity for acquiring second and third languages (such as Spanish and Chinese) decreases later in development. This illustrates what principles of lifespan development approach?

a. Development is lifelong

b. Development is multidimensional

c. Development is multidirectional

d. Development is contextual

c. Development is multidirectional

Perlita got pregnant at the age of 15, this event had a major impact on her life. This influence is:

a. normative-history graded

b. normative-age graded

c. normative

d. nonnormative

d. nonnormative

Eva is playing in her crib when her teddy bear Mr. Peeps falls under the crib. Eva cries knowing that Mr. Peeps exists somewhere. Eva is demonstrating:

a. animism

b. artificialism

c. conservation

d. object permanence

d. object permanence

After Maria learned that penguins can't fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of:

a. assimilation

b. accommodation

c. conservation

d. object permanence

b. accommodation

In the Looney Toons cartoon, when the little Chick follows Fog Horn Leg Horn around, believing that he is the chicks mother, ____ could be said to have taken place.

a. imprinting

b. assimulation

c. animism

d. artificialism

a. imprinting

Which theory of human development is universally accepted as the theory that best explains all facets of development?

a. Psychoanalytic

b. Behavioristic

c. Sociocultural

d. No one theory is able to do this

d. No one theory is able to do this

Dr. Parel is studying the way in which infant siblings interact with one another in the home. According to the ecological approach, Dr. Parel is studying the children in their

a. microsystem

b. mesosystem

c. exosystem

d. macrosystem

a. microsystem

According to the ___ perspective, development can be understood only when individual behavior is observed in interaction with the environment.

a. environmental

b. contextual

c. ethological

d. behavioral

b. contextual

The leader of a mother and baby workship tells new mothers that attachment between an infant and caregiver must occurs during a critical period to ensure noraml development. Which developmental perspective does this workshop leader support with this statement?

a. Behavioral

b. Ethlogical

c. Pscyhoanalytic

d. Informative-Processing

b. Ethlogical

In the 1950s, the British psychologist ____ extended ethological principles to the study of human development, focusing attention on the mother-infant bond and the bonding process that produces attachment.

a. Mary Ainsworth

b. John Bowlby

c. Konrad Lorenz

d. Niko Tinbergen

b. John Bowlby

Noah is watching a horse race. He knows that his dog at home has four legs, a tail, and fur. When he sees the horses, he shouts out "Doggies". Noah is demonstrating

a. Assimilation

b. Accommodation

c. Animation

d. Artificialism

a. Assimilation

Punishment ____ a behavior by bringing on a(n) ___event.

a. increases; aversive or unpleasant

b. suppresses; aversive or unpleasant

c. suppresses; positive or pleasant

d. increases; negative or unpleasant

b. suppresses; aversive or unpleasant

A child learns to whine to get items at the store because when she whines, her parents get frustrated and give her the desired items. She is basically being rewarded for her whining even though her parents do not seem to realize this and are frustrated becausse the whining is increasing. This is an example of ___.

a. operant conditioning

b. classical conditioning

c. behavior conditioning

d. unconscious conditioning

a. operant conditioning

An example of Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt would be

a. an infant learning that she can depend on being fed

b. a 3-year-old trying to fill a cup with water and cheerfully wiping up the water when it spills

c. a 10-year-old learning to red fluently

d. a teenager conforming to peer pressure

b. a 3-year-old trying to fill a cup with water and cheerfully wiping up the water when it spills

An individual receives frequent injections of drugs, which are administered in a small examination room at a clinic. The drug itself causes increased heart rate but after several trips to the clinic, simply being in a small room causes an increased heart rate. The said situation is an application of what learning theory?

a. Operant conditioning

b. Classical conditioning

c. Observational learning

d. Insightful learning

b. Classical conditioning

Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the shower becomes very hot and causes the person to jump back. Over time, the person begins to jump back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. What is the unconditioned stimulus in this situation?

a. Jumping back

b. Flush of the toilet

c. Apartment

d. Changes in the water temperature

d. Changes in the water temperature

Payment by piece rate (for example, paying a bricklayer set amount for each brick laid) most closely approximates which schedule of reinforcement?

a. fixed - interval

b. variable-interval

c. fixed-ratio

d. variable-ratio

c. fixed-ratio

The resolution of the crisis of early childhood results in Erikson's basic strength of

a. trust

b. love

c. will

d. purposefullness

c. will

Freud's oral stage of development is parallelled with Erikson's __ stage

a. infancy

b. toddler

c. early childhood

d. adolescence

a. infancy

The id is primarily involved in which of the following activities, according to Freud?

a. solving problems in geometry

b. contemplating the meaning of life

c. thumb-sucking behavior

d. convincing a friend to plant a garden

c. thumb-sucking behavior

Which of these is NOT a function of a useful developmental theory?

a. It will generate research

b. It will be consistent with one's philosophy of life

c. It organizes observations

d. It serves as a guide to action

b. It will be consistent with one's philosophy of life

Danny, a rather demonstrative 7-year-old, hits her brother for laughing at him, and feels guilty about it afterward. According to Freud, Danny's guilt feelings reflect the operation of the __.

a. Id

b. Ego

c. Superego

d. Unconscious

c. Superego